Cholera toxin (choleragen)
(Synonyms: 霍乱毒素; Choleragen) 目录号 : GC31655Cholera toxin (choleragen) is an enterotoxogenic protein complex consisting of a single A subunit (cholera toxin A subunit (CTA)) and a pentamer of B subunits (cholera toxin B subunit (CTB)).
Cas No.:9012-63-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >95.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
Jurkat cells |
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Preparation Method |
Cells were incubated for 3 h with medium alone or with Cholera toxin (0.5 ug/ml) in medium. After washing the cells the expression of the indicated antigen on the cell surface was measured by FCM analysis. |
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Reaction Conditions |
0.5ug/ml;3h |
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Applications |
Cholera toxin treatment of Jurkat cells for 3 h caused a nearly total disappearence of the TcR complex from teh surface of the cell. |
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References: [1]. Nunes J, Bagnasco M, et,al. Cholera toxin inhibits the increase in cytoplasmic free calcium induced via the CD2 pathway of human T-lymphocyte activation. J Cell Biochem. 1989 Apr;39(4):391-400. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240390405. PMID: 2542344. |
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Cholera toxin (choleragen) is an enterotoxogenic protein complex consisting of a single A subunit (cholera toxin A subunit (CTA)) and a pentamer of B subunits (cholera toxin B subunit (CTB)). It enters the host cell by binding to ganglioside GM1 on the plasma membrane and retrograde into the endoplasmic reticulum via the trans-Golgi network[1-3].
Cholera toxin(0.5ug/ml;3h) treatment of Jurkat cells for 3 h caused a nearly total disappearence of the TcR complex from teh surface of the cell[4,5]. Cholera toxin enters host intestinal epithelia cells, and its retrograde transport to the cytosol results in the massive loss of fluids and electrolytes associated with severe dehydration[6]. Cholera toxin activates adenylate cyclase by catalyzing ADP-ribosylation of Gs alpha, the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein[7].
References:
[1]. van Heyningen S. Cholera toxin. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 1977 Nov;52(4):509. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1977.tb00858.x. PMID: 203347.
[2]. Wernick NL, Chinnapen DJ, et,al. Cholera toxin: an intracellular journey into the cytosol by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. Toxins (Basel). 2010 Mar;2(3):310-25. doi: 10.3390/toxins2030310. Epub 2010 Mar 5. PMID: 22069586; PMCID: PMC3153193.
[3]. Kellner A, Taylor M, et,al. A binding motif for Hsp90 in the A chains of ADP-ribosylating toxins that move from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Cell Microbiol. 2019 Oct;21(10):e13074. doi: 10.1111/cmi.13074. Epub 2019 Jul 5. PMID: 31231933; PMCID: PMC6744307.
[4]. Sommermeyer H, Schwinzer R,et,al. Cholera toxin modulates the T cell antigen receptor/CD3 complex but not the CD2 molecule and inhibits signaling via both receptor structures in the human T cell lymphoma Jurkat. Eur J Immunol. 1989 Dec;19(12):2387-90. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830191232. PMID: 2575034.
[5]. Nunes J, Bagnasco M, et,al. Cholera toxin inhibits the increase in cytoplasmic free calcium induced via the CD2 pathway of human T-lymphocyte activation. J Cell Biochem. 1989 Apr;39(4):391-400. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240390405. PMID: 2542344.
[6]. Wands AM, Cervin J, et,al. Fucosylated Molecules Competitively Interfere with Cholera Toxin Binding to Host Cells. ACS Infect Dis. 2018 May 11;4(5):758-770. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00085. Epub 2018 Feb 22. PMID: 29411974; PMCID: PMC5948155.
[7]. Tsai SC, Noda M, et,al. Stimulation of choleragen enzymatic activities by GTP and two soluble proteins purified from bovine brain. J Biol Chem. 1988 Feb 5;263(4):1768-72. PMID: 3123477.
霍乱毒素（霍乱原）是一种肠毒素蛋白复合物，由单个 A 亚基（霍乱毒素 A 亚基 (CTA)）和 B 亚基五聚体（霍乱毒素 B 亚基 (CTB)）组成。它通过与质膜上的神经节苷脂 GM1 结合进入宿主细胞，并通过跨高尔基体网络逆行进入内质网[1-3]。
霍乱毒素(0.5ug/ml;3h)处理处理 Jurkat 细胞 3 小时导致细胞表面的 TcR 复合物几乎完全消失 [4,5]。霍乱毒素进入宿主肠上皮细胞，其逆行转运至胞质溶胶导致与严重脱水相关的大量液体和电解质流失[6]。霍乱毒素通过催化鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白 Gs α 的 ADP-核糖基化激活腺苷酸环化酶[7]。
| Cas No. | 9012-63-9 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 霍乱毒素; Choleragen | ||
| Canonical SMILES | [Cholera toxin] | ||
| 分子式 | 分子量 | ||
| 溶解度 | When reconstituted to 0.5 ml with water, the buffer is 0.05 M Tris, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.001 M Na2EDTA at pH 7.5 | 储存条件 | Store at 4°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。