Chlorotoluron
(Synonyms: 绿麦隆,Chlortoluron) 目录号 : GC43246
A phenylurea herbicide
Cas No.:15545-48-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Chlorotoluron is a phenylurea herbicide that has been used to control growth of broad-leaved weeds in winter wheat, rye, barley, and triticale crops. It is genotoxic, inducing formation of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in a concentration-dependent manner in CHEL liver epithelial cells. Chlorotoluron (625-5,000 mg/kg) induces testicular anaplasia as well as looseness and incrassation to the basement membrane that destroys the blood-testis barrier, increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and degrades mitochondria in mice. It reduces food intake and body weight and induces hemolytic anemia, hemosiderosis of the spleen, and brown atrophy in dogs when administered at a dose of 9,200 ppm.
| Cas No. | 15545-48-9 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 绿麦隆,Chlortoluron | ||
| Canonical SMILES | ClC1=C(C)C=CC(NC(N(C)C)=O)=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C10H13ClN2O | 分子量 | 212.7 |
| 溶解度 | Chloroform: slightly soluble,Methanol: slightly soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.7015 mL | 23.5073 mL | 47.0146 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.9403 mL | 4.7015 mL | 9.4029 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4701 mL | 2.3507 mL | 4.7015 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Field measurement and modelling of Chlorotoluron and flufenacet persistence in unamended and amended soils
Sci Total Environ 2020 Jul 10;725:138374.PMID:32278182DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138374.
The dissipation and persistence of two cereals herbicides, Chlorotoluron and flufenacet, were studied in a field experiment including three replicated plots of unamended soil (S), soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (S + SMS), and soil amended with green compost (S + GC), during the winter wheat cultivation campaign. The SMS and GC organic residues were applied to the soil at rates of 140 or 85 t residue ha-1, and herbicides were sprayed as Erturon® and Herold® formulations for Chlorotoluron and flufenacet, respectively. Concentrations of both herbicides and of their metabolites were regularly measured in the three soil treatments (0-10 cm) from 0 to 339 days. The dissipation kinetics fitted well the single first order (SFO) model, except that of Chlorotoluron that fitted the first order multi-compartment (FOMC) model better in the unamended soil. The dissipation rates of herbicides were lower in amended than in unamended soils. The results also showed that the DT50 of Chlorotoluron (66.2-88.0 days) and flufenacet (117-145 days) under field conditions were higher than those previously obtained at laboratory scale highlighting the importance of the changing environmental conditions on the dissipation process. Similarly, the formation of Chlorotoluron and flufenacet metabolites under field conditions was different from that previously observed in the laboratory. The performance of the MACRO pesticide fate model, parameterized with laboratory data, was then tested against field data. There was a very good agreement between measured and simulated Chlorotoluron residue levels in the three soil treatments, while the ability of the model to reproduce the dissipation of flufenacet was good in the unamended soil and very good in S + SMS and S + GC soils. MACRO might be used to estimate the remaining amounts of herbicides in amended soils from degradation data previously obtained at laboratory scale. This would help to manage herbicide doses in different environmental conditions to preserve the sustainability of agricultural systems.
Testicular toxicity and mechanisms of Chlorotoluron compounds in the mouse
Toxicol Mech Methods 2008;18(5):399-403.PMID:20020863DOI:10.1080/15376510701533921.
ABSTRACT Background: Previous studies have reported that Chlorotoluron has adverse effects on male mice. Few studies, however, have investigated the mechanism of action of these herbicides. The effects of Chlorotoluron and atrazine ingestion on male mouse reproductive function during the peripubertal period are reported here. Methods: A total of 16 experimental groups and one control group were used in this study. Each experimental group was treated with Chlorotoluron or atrazine alone or in combination in different doses. After mice were sacrificed, superoxide dismutase activity in blood was measured, weight ratios of testis to body were calculated, and testis tissues were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Results and conclusions: The decreased weight ratio of mouse testis to body weight resulted in a reduction in the relative testis weight. Experiments on SOD enzyme activity in vivo showed that the synergistic effect of the two compounds was more notable at higher concentrations. Histological analyses of testes of animals treated with herbicides showed that the epithelium of seminiferous tubules was loosely arrayed and lacked order, spermatogenic cells were shed, and fewer layers formed. By electron microscopy it was noted that mitochondria in the seminiferous epithelium appeared vacuolated; nuclei were enlarged and irregular. In addition, the number of Sertoli cells was reduced, and part of the tight junction was destroyed. The results demonstrated that these herbicides induced degeneration and severe pathological changes in a dose-dependent manner. The toxic effects of Chlorotoluron were more potent than those of atrazine when each was administrated alone. Moreover, when administered in combination, the two compounds had synergistic toxic effects.
Time-Variable Exposure Experiments in Conjunction with Higher Tier Population and Effect Modeling to Assess the Risk of Chlorotoluron to Green Algae
Environ Toxicol Chem 2019 Nov;38(11):2520-2534.PMID:31343782DOI:10.1002/etc.4544.
An algae population model was applied to describe measured effects of pulsed exposure to Chlorotoluron on populations of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in 2 laboratory flow-through chemostat tests with different exposure regimes. Both tests enabled evaluation of adverse effects on algae during the exposure and population recovery afterward. Impacts on population densities after Chlorotoluron exposure were directly visible as biomass loss in the chemostats. Recovery was observed after each exposure peak. The test results indicate that P. subcapitata is unlikely to show an increased sensitivity to Chlorotoluron after pulsed exposure. No altered response or adaptation of the algae to Chlorotoluron was observed, with the exception of the last high peak in flow-through test 2. Therefore, an adaptation to the test substance cannot be excluded after long-term exposure. However, recovery to the steady-state level after this peak indicates that the growth rate (fitness) was not significantly reduced in the population with higher tolerance. No differences in Chlorotoluron impact on the populations over time in terms of growth were detected. Model predictions agreed well with the measured data. The tests and modeling results validate the model to simulate population dynamics of P. subcapitata after pulsed exposure to Chlorotoluron. Model predictions and extrapolations with different exposure patterns are considered reliable for Chlorotoluron. The good reproducibility of the population behavior in the test systems supports this conclusion. An example modeled extrapolation of the experimental results to other (untested) exposure scenarios shows a potential approach to using the validated model as a supportive tool in risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2520-2534. © 2019 SETAC.
Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of Chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents
J Environ Sci (China) 2007;19(3):327-31.PMID:17918595DOI:10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60053-9.
Sorption of Chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of Chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of Chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of Chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of Chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of Chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.
Testicular toxicity and mechanisms of Chlorotoluron compounds in the mouse
Toxicol Mech Methods 2007;17(8):483-8.PMID:20020875DOI:10.1080/15376510601166384.
ABSTRACT Previous studies have reported that Chlorotoluron has adverse effects on male mice. Few studies, however, have investigated the mechanism of the action of these herbicides. The study of the effects of Chlorotoluron and atrazine ingestion on male mice reproductive function during a critical developmental period, the peripubertal period, is reported here. Chlorotoluron and/or atrazine were administered by PO gavage to mice from day 27 to day 52. The decreased weight ratio of mouse testis to body weight resulted in a reduction in the relative testis weight. Histological study of testis showed that the seminiferous epithelium arrayed loosely and disorderedly, spermatogenic cells became shed, and fewer layers were formed. With the use of an electron microscope, it was noted that mitochondria in the seminiferous epithelium appeared vacuolated; karyotheca swelled and bent. In addition, the number of Sertoli cells was reduced, and part of the tight junction was destroyed. The results of the present study demonstrated that herbicides in all administrated doses caused detrimental changes in mice. The toxic effects of Chlorotoluron were more potent than those of atrazine when administrated alone. Moreover, the two compounds have synergistic toxic effects with combination use. All dose paradigms induced degeneration and severe pathological changes in a manner of dose response.