Chlorophyll a
(Synonyms: 叶绿素A) 目录号 : GC49064Chlorophyll a是主要的光合色素，在放氧光合作用中具有双重功能：既捕获光能，又将吸收的光子能量转化为化学能。
Cas No.:479-61-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Chlorophyll a, the main photosynthetic pigment, serves a dual role in oxygenic photosynthesis: in light harvesting as well as in converting the energy of absorbed photons to chemical energy[1]. Chlorophyll a exhibits both antioxidant and immunostimulatory properties[2]. Chlorophyll a absorbs light most efficiently in the red and blue regions of the spectrum, with peak absorption at around 430 and 662 nanometers, respectively[3].
In vitro, treating 3T3-L1 cells for 48h with chlorophyll a at 0, 5, 10, or 30nM induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and caused a decrease in the S phase in a dose–response manner[4]. Treating HEK293 cells with chlorophyll a (5-20μg/mL) for 30min concentration-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression, with almost complete suppression observed at 5μg/mL[5]. Treating C3H10T1/2 cells with 10µg/mL chlorophyll a markedly down-regulated the protein levels of the adipogenic transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2)[6].
In vivo, topical pretreatment of BALB/c mice dorsal skin with 50 or 250μg chlorophyll a significantly and dose-dependently reduced both the incidence of tumors and the average number of tumors per mouse[7]. Feeding rats 1.2mmol/kg of natural chlorophyll a for 14 days completely blocked heme-induced increases in colonic cytotoxicity, epithelial hyperproliferation, accelerated epithelial turnover, and lipid-radical formation[8].
References:
[1] Björn LO, Papageorgiou GC, Blankenship RE, Govindjee. A viewpoint: why chlorophyll a?. Photosynth Res. 2009;99(2):85-98.
[2] Yang Z, Li F, Shen S, et al. Natural chlorophyll: a review of analysis methods, health benefits, and stabilization strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2025;65(16):3069-3083.
[3] Martins T, Barros AN, Rosa E, Antunes L. Enhancing Health Benefits through Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Rich Agro-Food: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules. 2023 Jul 11;28(14):5344.
[4] Wu SJ, Ng LT, Wang GH, Huang YJ, Chen JL, Sun FM. Chlorophyll a, an active anti-proliferative compound of Ludwigia octovalvis, activates the CD95 (APO-1/CD95) system and AMPK pathway in 3T3-L1 cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(2):716-721.
[5] Subramoniam A, Asha VV, Nair SA, et al. Chlorophyll revisited: anti-inflammatory activities of chlorophyll a and inhibition of expression of TNF-α gene by the same. Inflammation. 2012;35(3):959-966.
[6] Seo YJ, Kim KJ, Choi J, Koh EJ, Lee BY. Spirulina maxima Extract Reduces Obesity through Suppression of Adipogenesis and Activation of Browning in 3T3-L1 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients. 2018;10(6):712.
[7] Higashi-Okai K, Okai Y. Potent suppressive activity of chlorophyll a and b from green tea (Camellia sinensis) against tumor promotion in mouse skin. J UOEH. 1998;20(3):181-188.
[8] de Vogel J, Jonker-Termont DS, Katan MB, van der Meer R. Natural chlorophyll but not chlorophyllin prevents heme-induced cytotoxic and hyperproliferative effects in rat colon. J Nutr. 2005;135(8):1995-2000.
Chlorophyll a是主要的光合色素，在放氧光合作用中具有双重功能：既捕获光能，又将吸收的光子能量转化为化学能[1]。Chlorophyll a具有抗氧化和免疫刺激特性[2]。对光谱的红光和蓝光吸收效率最高，吸收峰分别约为430nm和662nm[3]。
在体外，用0、5、10或30nM的Chlorophyll a处理3T3-L1细胞48h，可剂量依赖性地诱导细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期并降低S期比例[4]。用5-20μg/mL的Chlorophyll a处理HEK293细胞30min，可浓度依赖性地抑制脂多糖诱导的肿瘤坏死因子-α基因表达，5μg/mL时几乎完全抑制[5]。用10μg/mL的Chlorophyll a处理C3H10T1/2细胞，显著下调成脂转录因子（C/EBPα）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）和脂肪细胞蛋白2（aP2）的蛋白水平[6]。
在体内，在BALB/c小鼠背部皮肤预先局部涂抹50或250μg的Chlorophyll a，可剂量依赖性地显著降低肿瘤发生率及平均每只鼠的肿瘤数[7]。大鼠连续14天按1.2mmol/kg饲喂Chlorophyll a，可完全阻断血红素诱导的结肠细胞毒性升高、上皮过度增殖、上皮更新加速及脂质自由基形成[8]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | 3T3-L1 cell |
Preparation Method | Cells were treated with Chlorophyll a at various concentrations (0, 5,10, and 30nM) for 48h. Floating and adherent cells were then collected. The cells in suspension were fixed with 70% ice-cold methanol and then stored in the freezer until use. After washing with PBS, cells were stained with 50μg/ml propidium iodide (PI) in the presence of 25μg/ml RNase A at 37°C for 30min. A minimum of 10,000 cells per sample was collected. To estimate the percentage of each phase in the cell cycle, the DNA histograms were analyzed by Multicycle software. |
Reaction Conditions | 0, 5,10, and 30nM; 48h |
Applications | After 48h of treatment, Chlorophyll a induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and caused a decrease in the S phase in a dose–response manner. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | BALB/c mice |
Preparation Method | Ten 7-week-old female BALB/c mice were assigned to each experimental group. In the positive-control group (Experiment A), tumorigenesis was initiated with a single dorsal application of 50nmol 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) in 200μL acetone; one week later, 2nmol 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in 200μL acetone was applied twice weekly for 20 weeks as the promotion regimen. To examine the inhibitory effect of chlorophyll a, a parallel set of mice (Experiment B) received the same DMBA initiation, followed by topical application of chlorophyll a (50 or 250μg in 200μL acetone) 80min before each TPA treatment for 20 weeks. |
Dosage form | 50 or 250μg; topical application |
Applications | Treatment with 50nmol DMBA as initiator, followed by twice-weekly 2nmol TPA as promoter, resulted in a markedly elevated skin tumor incidence: all mice developed tumors, averaging 20.1±4.3 tumors per animal. Pretreating the dorsal skin with 50 or 250μg of chlorophyll a 80min before each TPA application, however, produced a dose-dependent and significant suppression of both tumor incidence and the mean number of tumors per mouse. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 479-61-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 叶绿素A | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=C2[N-](C3=C1C4=O)[Mg+2]56[N](C([C@H]7CCC(OC/C=C(C)/CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=O)=C3[C@H]4C(OC)=O)=C([C@H]7C)C=C8[N-]5C(C(C=C)=C8C)=CC9=[N]6C(C(CC)=C9C)=C2 | ||
| 分子式 | C55H72MgN4O5 | 分子量 | 893.5 |
| 溶解度 | Acetone: soluble,Ethanol: soluble | 储存条件 | -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.1192 mL | 5.596 mL | 11.1919 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2238 mL | 1.1192 mL | 2.2384 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1119 mL | 0.5596 mL | 1.1192 mL |
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动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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