Chlorocholine chloride
(Synonyms: 矮壮素) 目录号 : GC67724Chlorocholine chloride 是一种有效的植物生长调节剂。Chlorocholine chloride 可抑制赤霉素 (GA) 的生物合成。Chlorocholine chloride 可用于研究赤霉素对植物细胞生长和分化的作用机制和作用。
Cas No.:999-81-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Chlorocholine chloride is an effective plant growth regulator. Chlorocholine chloride can inhibit gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. Chlorocholine chloride can be used for the research of the mechanisms and effects of GA on plant cell growth and differentiation[1][2].
CCC（300 mg/L）increases the biomass of leaves and stems, substantially enhances the sucrose contents in leaves and decreases gibberellic acid (GA) but increases indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents in lily bulbs[2].
[1]. Saadia Shaukat, et al. Hydration and ion association of aqueous choline chloride and chlorocholine chloride. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2019 Jun 7;21(21):10970-10980.
[2]. Ri-ru Zheng, et al. Chlorocholine chloride and paclobutrazol treatments promote carbohydrate accumulation in bulbs of Lilium Oriental hybrids 'Sorbonne'. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2012 Feb;13(2):136-44.
| Cas No. | 999-81-5 | SDF | Download SDF |
| 别名 | 矮壮素 | ||
| 分子式 | C5H13Cl2N | 分子量 | 158.07 |
| 溶解度 | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C | |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 6.3263 mL | 31.6316 mL | 63.2631 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.2653 mL | 6.3263 mL | 12.6526 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6326 mL | 3.1632 mL | 6.3263 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Chlorocholine chloride induced testosterone secretion inhibition mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress in primary rat Leydig cells
Toxicol Lett 2022 Mar 1;356:161-171.PMID:34958886DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.018.
Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) is well acknowledged as a plant growth regulator and may be considered as a potential environmental endocrine disrupting chemical. In our previous studies, it was found that CCC exposure at a pubertal stage reduced the serum and testicular levels of testosterone, decreased the sperm motility and delayed the puberty onset. However, the molecular mechanisms of CCC-induced testosterone secretion disorders remain unclear. In this study, we found that CCC exposure above 20 μg/mL inhibited the secretion of testosterone in Sprague-Dawley rats Leydig cells. Proteomic and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that CCC might induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Western blot detection showed CCC exposure at 100, 200 μg/mL increased the protein level of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GPR78), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D1 (UBE2D1) and the ring finger protein (RNF185) in the Leydig cells. The Leydig cells treated with 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, rescued the testosterone secretion disorders and alleviated CCC-induced increase in the ER stress related protein levels at 200 μg/mL CCC treatment. Overall, CCC in vitro exposure might disturb testosterone production of Leydig cells and endoplasmic reticulum stress was involved in it.
Effects of prenatal Chlorocholine chloride exposure on pubertal development and reproduction of male offspring in rats
Toxicol Lett 2021 Oct 15;351:28-36.PMID:34411681DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.08.005.
Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) promote plant growth as a regulator. Emerging evidence by our group showed that CCC might restrain the puberty onset and impair the reproductive functions in male rats through HPT axis. In this study, we further investigated the effects of prenatal CCC exposure on pubertal development, reproduction of male offspring in rats and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that CCC of 137.5 and 200 mg/kg bw/day delayed the age of preputial separation (PPS), decreased the sperm motility of male offspring. PP1γ2 which is an essential protein in spermatogenesis reduced in 137.5 and 200 mg/kg bw/day groups. Crucial hormones involved in hypothalamic-puititary-testicular (HPT) axis decreased at postnatal day (PND) 30. It was indicated that CCC exposure in pregnancy might disturb the pubertal development, reproductive functions of male offspring through HPT axis and disturb the sperm motility through PP1γ2.
Chlorocholine chloride and paclobutrazol treatments promote carbohydrate accumulation in bulbs of Lilium Oriental hybrids 'Sorbonne'
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012 Feb;13(2):136-44.PMID:22302427DOI:10.1631/jzus.B1000425.
The present study was to test the hypothesis that the plant growth retardants Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) could improve the carbohydrate accumulation in lily bulbs by enhancing photosynthetic capacity and changing endogenous hormones. Plants of Lilium Oriental hybrids 'Sorbonne' were treated with a foliar spray of CCC or PBZ (both at 300 mg/L) solution, at six weeks after planting (6 WAP). The morphological parameters, endogenous hormone contents (gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)), and carbohydrate contents were measured from 6 to 18 WAP, at 2-week intervals. The results showed that CCC increased the biomass of leaves and stems which might produce more photoassimilates available for transportation and utilization. However, PBZ treatment suppressed vegetative growth and favored photoassimilate transportation into bulbs. A slight delay of bud and anthesis formation was observed in both treated plants. CCC and PBZ treatments substantially enhanced the sucrose contents in leaves probably due to the increase of chlorophyll contents. Treatment with CCC or PBZ decreased GA but increased IAA contents in lily bulbs which might stimulate starch accumulation and formation of new scales. Our experiment suggested that CCC or PBZ treatment is an effective method to promote carbohydrate accumulation in lily bulbs.
Effects of Chlorocholine chloride on pubertal development and reproductive functions in male rats
Toxicol Lett 2020 Feb 1;319:1-10.PMID:31689472DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.024.
Chlorocholine chloride (CCC), a plant growth retardant, may act as an endocrine disruptor. Our previous study showed that pubertal CCC exposure in rats might decrease testosterone (T) synthesis. This study observed the changes in pubertal development and reproduction of male rats exposed to CCC and its underlying mechanisms. Rats were exposed to CCC (0, 75, 137.5 and 200 mg/kg bw/day) from postnatal day 23 to 60. The results showed that CCC treatment delayed the onset of puberty and reduced the relative organ weight of prostate. Seminiferous tubules with deciduous spermatogenic cells were observed in the 200 mg/kg bw/day group. Sexual behavior was inhibited in the 137.5 and 200 mg/kg bw/day groups. Sperm motility, litter size and normalized anogenital distance (AGD) of male pups were decreased in the 137.5 and 200 mg/kg bw/day groups. Serum kisspeptin level and serum and testicular levels of T were reduced in all CCC treated groups. Crucial hormones in hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis were reduced subsequently after CCC treatment. Collectively, our results demonstrated that CCC might disturb HPT axis through suppressing the secretion of kisspeptin and subsequently lead to delayed puberty onset and impaired reproductive functions.
Hydration and ion association of aqueous choline chloride and Chlorocholine chloride
Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019 Jun 7;21(21):10970-10980.PMID:31107469DOI:10.1039/c9cp01016e.
The choline ion (Ch+) is ubiquitous in nature and also its synthetic homologue, chlorocholine (ClCh+), is widely used. Nevertheless, surprisingly little information on the hydration and counter-ion binding of these cations can be found in the literature. In this contribution we report effective hydration numbers, determined by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, and ion-pair association constants with Cl-, determined by dilute-solution conductivity measurements. In combination with RISM calculations the obtained data suggest that for Ch+ water is bound to the hydroxy group via hydrogen bonds whereas for ClCh+ a rather stiff clathrate-like shell around the chlorine atom seems to be formed. With Cl- both cations form contact ion pairs with association constants of only ∼2 to 3 M-1.