Bombesin acetate(31362-50-2 free base)

Bombesin acetate is a 14-amino acid peptide originally isolated from the skin of the European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina). It has two known homologs in mammals called neuromedin B and gastrin-releasing peptide.

In vitro, Bombesin is a tetradecapeptide with a COOH terminus ending in Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2 and subsequently is shown to closely resemble two mammalian bombesin -related peptides, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB)^[1]. Bombesin is found to have stimulatory effects upon gastric and pancreatic secretions, release of gastrointestinal hormones, gallbladder contraction and bronchoconstriction. It is present in amphibian gastric endocrine cells, avian proventriculus endocrine cells and avian brain. In mammals it is present mainly in nerve cells and fibers. The only mammalian endocrine cell shown to date to have bombesin is the P-cell in fetal lung. Bombesin is also found in mammalian brain, with its highest concentration in the hypothalamus^[2]. Bombesin is shown to be a potent mitogen for Swiss 3T3 cells. In the presence of a low concentration (3.5%) of serum, bombesin stimulates 3T3 cell proliferation. In serum-free medium, bombesin induces DNA synthesis in the absence of any other added growth factor (IC50=1 nM)^[3].

References:
[1].Gonzalez N, et al. Bombesin-related peptides and their receptors: recent advances in their role in physiology and disease states. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2008 Feb;15(1):58-64.

Bombesin acetate(31362-50-2 free base) 是一种 14 个氨基酸的肽，是从欧洲火腹蟾蜍 (Bombina bombina) 的皮肤中分离出来的。它在哺乳动物中有两个已知的同源物，称为神经调节蛋白 B 和胃泌素释放肽。

在体外，Bombesin是一种具有COOH末端，以Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2结尾的十四肽，已被证明与两种哺乳动物Bombesin相关肽——胃泌素释放肽(GRP)和神经介质B(NMB)^[1]有着密切的相似性。Bombesin在促进胃和胰腺分泌、释放胃肠激素、胆囊收缩和支气管收缩方面显示出刺激效应。它存在于两栖动物的胃内分泌细胞、禽类嗉囊的内分泌细胞及其脑中。在哺乳动物中，主要存在于神经细胞和纤维中。迄今为止，唯一显示含有bombesin的哺乳动物内分泌细胞是胎儿肺的P细胞。Bombesin也发现于哺乳动物大脑中，尤其是在下丘脑的浓度最高^[2]。Bombesin被证明是对Swiss 3T3细胞的强效促进剂。在低浓度(3.5%)的血清存在下，Bombesin刺激3T3细胞增殖。在无血清介质中，Bombesin能在没有添加任何其它生长因子的情况下诱导DNA合成(IC50=1 nM)^[3]。