β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated, a 42-amino acid peptide that has been treated with HFIP from β-Amyloid (1-42), human, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated, after being dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4°C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37°C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}.

References:
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[10]. Fu L, et al. Comparison of neurotoxicity of different aggregated forms of Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ43 in cell cultures. J Pept Sci. 2017 Mar;23(3):245-251.
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[12]. Fei X, et al. Degradation of FA reduces Aβ neurotoxicity and Alzheimer-related phenotypes. Mol Psychiatry. 2021 Oct;26(10):5578-5591.

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated，一种 β-Amyloid (1-42), human 经过 HFIP 处理过的由 42 个氨基酸组成的肽，是一种具有脑渗透性的淀粉样蛋白片段，可用于阿尔茨海默病和唐氏综合征的研究。β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated 以单体形式存在时具有抗氧化和神经保护作用。β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated 在经过 DMSO 溶成母液后，一方面在 4 ℃ 孵育形成可溶性寡聚体 (AβOs)，具有突触毒性和神经毒性；另一方面，可在 37℃ 孵育形成不溶性纤维，神经毒性较低，参与氧化损伤过程。Aβ42 寡聚体可与多种神经元表面受体 (如 PrPc、mGluR5、NMDA 受体等) 结合，通过激活下游信号通路引发氧化应激、钙稳态失衡和突触毒性，导致神经元功能障碍和死亡。