4-Hydroxymephenytoin
(Synonyms: 羟基香豆素) 目录号 : GC33522
A metabolite of mephenytoin
Cas No.:61837-65-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
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(±)4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a metabolite of (S)-mephenytoin , a substrate of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C19 with anticonvulsant activities.1,2 It has been used for developing ultra-
1.Shimada, T., Misono, K.S., and Guengerich, F.P.Human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase, a prototype of genetic polymorphism in oxidative drug metabolismJ. Biol. Chem.261(2)909-921(1986) 2.Wong, P.T.H., Tan, S.F., and Lee, H.S.N-demethylation of methyl and dimethyl derivatives of phenytoin and their anticonvulsant activities in miceJpn. J. Pharmacol.48(4)473-478(1988) 3.Stewart, N.A., Buch, S.C., Conrads, T.P., et al.A UPLC-MS/MS assay of the "Pittsburgh cocktail": Six CYP probe-drug/metabolites from human plasma and urine using stable isotope dilutionAnalyst136(3)605-612(2011)
| Cas No. | 61837-65-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 羟基香豆素 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1N(C)C(C(C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)(CC)N1)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C12H14N2O3 | 分子量 | 234.26 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 25 mg/ml,DMSO: 25 mg/ml,DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:1): 0.5 mg/ml,Ethanol: 15 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at 4°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.2688 mL | 21.3438 mL | 42.6876 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8538 mL | 4.2688 mL | 8.5375 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4269 mL | 2.1344 mL | 4.2688 mL |
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| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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Analysis of mephenytoin, 4-Hydroxymephenytoin and 4-hydroxyphenytoin enantiomers in human urine by cyclodextrin micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography: simple determination of a hydroxylation polymorphism in man
Electrophoresis 1994 Jan;15(1):87-93.PMID:8143685DOI:10.1002/elps.1150150113.
Using cyclodextrin micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (CD-MECC), baseline separation of mephenytoin, 4-Hydroxymephenytoin and 4-hydroxyphenytoin enantiomers in urine was effected with beta-cyclodextrin. After single-dose administration of 100 mg of racemic mephenytoin, the 0-8 h urine was collected, and enzymatically hydrolyzed urine specimens were applied. For extensive metabolizers, a single peak for 4-Hydroxymephenytoin was detected corresponding to the S-enantiomer. This peak was either very small or undetectable in samples of poor metabolizers. Typically, mephenytoin could not be detected in these samples. However, application of undeglucuronidated extracts revealed the presence of free S-4-hydroxymephenytoin and R,S-mephenytoin and thus permitted phenotyping via both the urinary S:R enantiomeric ratio of mephenytoin and the hydroxylated metabolite. Application of enzymatically hydrolyzed and extracted urines after phenytoin administration (100 mg; 0-8 h urine collection) revealed the presence of S-4-hydroxyphenytoin. Thus, CD- MECC is shown to be a simple and attractive approach for (i) the confirmation of the stereoselectivity of the aromatic hydroxylation of mephenytoin and phenytoin, (ii) the simple and rapid differentiation between extensive and poor metabolizers for mephenytoin, and (iii) assessment of compliance.
Simple and selective assay of 4-Hydroxymephenytoin in human urine using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and its preliminary application to phenotyping test
J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1996 Feb 9;676(1):87-94.PMID:8852048DOI:10.1016/0378-4347(95)00411-4.
A simple and selective HPLC method for the determination of 4-Hydroxymephenytoin (4-OH-M) in human urine, using a controlled potential coulometric detector equipped with a dual working electrode cell of fully porous graphite, has been developed. After acid hydrolysis of urine, 4-OH-M and the internal standard (I.S.), 5-hydroxy-1-tetralone, were extracted from urine by means of a Bond Elut Certify LRC column. The extracts were chromatographed on a reversed-phase mu Bondapak C18 column using methanol-50 mM KH2PO4 (pH 4.0) (30:70, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. Electrochemical detection at applied potential of 800 mV resulted in a limit of quantitation of 0.76 micrograms/ml. The method showed a satisfactory sensitivity, precision, accuracy, recovery and selectivity. The present method was applied to the phenotyping test in thirteen Japanese healthy volunteers who received an oral 100-mg racemic mephenytoin. The phenotypes determined by the present method were found to be in agreement with those obtained with the reported customary assay based on gas chromatography.
Characterization and inhibition of mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activity in human liver microsomes
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987 Jan;240(1):216-22.PMID:2879902doi
The in vivo metabolism in humans of the anticonvulsant mephenytoin exhibits stereoselectivity as well as genetic polymorphism of the 4-hydroxylation pathway. The characteristics of the involved cytochrome P-450 isozyme are, however, not known completely. Accordingly, the ability of human liver microsomes to metabolize mephenytoin and its enantiomers was investigated in vitro, and the ability of related anticonvulsants and other compounds to inhibit 4-hydroxylation was studied. Marked stereoselectivity was observed in the conversion of S-mephenytoin to its 4-hydroxy metabolite, but N-demethylation was essentially similar for both enantiomers. The intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km) for 4-Hydroxymephenytoin formation showed an almost 10-fold range in five livers and was 150- to 1000-fold greater than that for N-demethylation. Competitive inhibition of 4-hydroxylation was observed with ethotoin, mephobarbital, methsuximide and phensuximide, but not other commonly used anticonvulsants such as ethosuximide, phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone. However, synthetic N-alkyl analogs of the latter compounds were found to be inhibitory. An aryl residue alpha to the carbonyl carbon of an N-alkyl lactam in a 5- or 6-membered ring, therefore, appears to be a minimal requirement for strong interaction with the 4-hydroxylase. Warfarin, but not diazepam, ketoconazole or iodochlorohydroxyquin, were also competitive inhibitors, but at much higher concentrations than the anticonvulsants. Competitive inhibition at concentrations similar to the Km of 4-Hydroxymephenytoin formation (30-350 microM) may indicate that the isozyme is involved in the metabolism of the substrates under consideration and, therefore, their in vivo metabolism may be regulated to some extent by the same genetic factor(s) that determine mephenytoin's biotransformation.
Development and preliminary application of a simple assay of S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activity in human liver microsomes
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993;44(6):559-62.PMID:8405013DOI:10.1007/BF02440859.
We have developed a simple HPLC assay to measure the activity of S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase in human liver microsomes, and have assessed its practical applicability by determining the kinetic parameters of the enzyme in 10 different human liver samples. The recovery of 4-Hydroxymephenytoin and phenobarbital (the internal standard) after the precipitation of microsomal protein was almost complete, and the coefficients of variation for the intra- and interassay measurement of S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activity were < 6.4 and 8.0%, respectively. Eadie-Hofstee plots for the formation of 4-Hydroxymephenytoin gave a straight line for all of the 10 samples studied. There was large interindividual variability in the kinetic parameters estimated: 4.6- (36 to 166 microM), 11.8- (0.9 to 10.6 nmole/mg protein/h) and 30.1- times (0.10 to 3.01 microliters/mg protein/min) for Km, Vmax and Vmax/Km, respectively. The mean (+/- SD) Km, Vmax and Vmax/Km were 72.4 +/- 40.4 microM, 4.23 +/- 2.88 nmole/mg protein/h and 1.33 +/- 1.02 microliters/mg protein/min, respectively. Thus, the assay was sufficiently accurate and reproducible to permit estimation of the kinetic parameters of S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase in human liver microsomes, and it appears to be applicable to an in vitro study of the possible involvement of S-mephenytoin-type oxidation polymorphism in drug metabolism.
A convenient assay for mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activity of human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450
Anal Biochem 1985 May 15;147(1):174-9.PMID:4025815DOI:10.1016/0003-2697(85)90024-7.
A simple and rapid method for the determination of (S)-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activity by human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 has been developed. [Methyl-14C] mephenytoin was synthesized by alkylation of S-nirvanol with 14CH3I and used as a substrate. After incubation of [methyl-14C]mephenytoin with human liver microsomes or a reconstituted monooxygenase system containing partially purified human liver cytochrome P-450, the 4-hydroxylated metabolite of mephenytoin was separated by thin-layer chromatography and quantified. The formation of the metabolite depended on the incubation time, substrate concentration, and cytochrome P-450 concentration and was found to be optimal at pH 7.4. The Km and Vmax rates obtained with a human liver microsomal preparation were 0.1 mM and 0.23 nmol 4-Hydroxymephenytoin formed/min/nmol cytochrome P-450, respectively. The hydroxylation activity showed absolute requirements for cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, and NADPH in a reconstituted monooxygenase system. Activities varied from 5.6 to 156 pmol 4-Hydroxymephenytoin formed/min/nmol cytochrome P-450 in 11 human liver microsomal preparations. The basic system utilized for the analysis of mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation can also be applied to the estimation of other enzyme activities in which phenol formation occurs.