15(S)-HpETE
(Synonyms: 15-羟基二十碳-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-四烯酸) 目录号 : GC41124A product of 15-LO metabolism of arachidonic acid
Cas No.:70981-96-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >95.00%
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- Datasheet
15(S)-HpETE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) produced by the action of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) on arachidonic acid. It is either metabolized to 14,15-leukotriene A4 [1] or reduced to 15(S)-HETE by peroxidases.[2] [1] 15(S)-HpETE mediates a number of biological functions including the induction of c-fos and c-jun, and activation of AP-1. [3] 15(S)-HpETE inhibits prostacyclin synthesis in porcine aortic microsomes and bovine endothelial cells, and can cause the suicide inactivation of porcine 12-LO.[2][4][5]
Reference:
[1]. Bryant, R.W., Schewe, T., Rapoport, S.M., et al. Leukotriene formation by a purified reticulocyte lipoxygenase enzyme. Conversion of arachidonic acid and 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid to 14,15-leukotriene A4. J. Biol. Chem. 260(6), 3548-3555 (1985).
[2]. Kishimoto, K., Nakamura, M., Suzuki, H., et al. Suicide inactivation of porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase associated with its incorporation of 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid derivative. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1300, 56-62 (1996).
[3]. Rao, G.N., Glasgow, W.C., Eling, T.E., et al. Role of hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids in oxidative stress-induced activating protein 1 (AP-1) activity. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 271, 27760-27764 (1996).
[4]. Moncada, S., Gryglewski, R.J., Bunting, S., et al. A lipid peroxide inhibits the enzyme in blood vessel microsomes that generates from prostaglandin endoperoxides the substance (prostaglandin X) which prevents platelet aggregation. Prostaglandins 12(5), 715-737 (1976).
[5]. Mayer, B., Moser, R., Gleispach, H., et al. Possible inhibitory function of endogenous 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid on prostacyclin formation in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 875(3), 641-653 (1986).
| Cas No. | 70981-96-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 15-羟基二十碳-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-四烯酸 | ||
| 化学名 | 15S-hydroperoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CCCCC[C@H](OO)/C=C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCC(O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C20H32O4 | 分子量 | 336.5 |
| 溶解度 | 0.1 M Na2CO3: 2 mg/ml,DMF: Miscible,DMSO: Miscible,Ethanol: Miscible,PBS pH 7.2: 0.8 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -80°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.9718 mL | 14.8588 mL | 29.7177 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5944 mL | 2.9718 mL | 5.9435 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2972 mL | 1.4859 mL | 2.9718 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
15-LOX metabolites and angiogenesis: angiostatic effect of 15(S)-HpETE involves induction of apoptosis in adipose endothelial cells
PeerJ 2014 Oct 21;2:e635.PMID:25346880DOI:10.7717/peerj.635.
Inflammation is critical in the dysregulated growth of adipose tissue and associated vascular dysfunctions. 15-Lipoxygenase metabolites, important mediators of inflammation in adipose tissue during obese conditions, may contribute to codependence of inflammation and angiogenesis in adipose tissue. We have already reported the pro-angiogenic effect of 15(S)-HETE in adipose tissue. The present study was designed to understand the effect of 15(S)-HpETE, precursor of 15(S)-HETE, on angiogenesis in adipose tissue. Results showed that 15(S)-HpETE exerts an anti-angiogenic effect in adipose tissue. This was evidenced from decreased endothelial sprouting in adipose tissue explants, inhibition of angiogenic phenotype in adipose endothelial cells, decreased production of CD31 and VEGF in endothelial cells treated with 15(S)-HpETE. Further studies to examine the molecular mechanism of anti-angiogenic effect of 15(S)-HpETE showed that it inhibited cell survival signaling molecule Akt and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and also activated caspase-3 in adipose endothelial cells. These observations indicate that 15(S)-HpETE exerts its angiostatic effect in adipose tissue by inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells.
Effect of 15-lipoxygenase metabolites on angiogenesis: 15(S)-HpETE is angiostatic and 15(S)-HETE is angiogenic
Inflamm Res 2012 Jul;61(7):707-18.PMID:22450700DOI:10.1007/s00011-012-0463-5.
Objective: 15(S)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)-HETE] and 15(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)-HpETE] are the products of arachidonic acid formed in the 15-lipoxygenase pathway. They have opposing effects on the inflammatory process. The present study was designed to examine the role of these metabolites on angiogenesis, which is critically associated with inflammatory conditions. Methods: Chick chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM), rat aortic rings and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture were used to study the effect of 15(S)-HETE and 15(S)-HpETE on angiogenesis. Biochemical markers of angiogenesis were analysed by ELISA. Results: 15(S)-HETE increased vessel density in chick CAM, induced sprouting in rat aortic rings and increased endothelial cell-cell contact and formation of tubular network-like structures in HUVECs. Furthermore, it up-regulated the expression of CD31, E-selectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HUVECs, indicating its pro-angiogenic effect. 15(S)-HpETE, on the other hand, decreased vessel density in chick CAM, down-regulated the expression of E-selectin (<35 %), VEGF (<90 %) and CD31 (<50 %) and did not produce sprouting in aortic rings, suggesting an anti-angiogenic property. 15(S)-HETE-mediated up-regulation of CD 31 and VEGF was reversed by treatment with 15(S)-HpETE. Conclusion: These results indicate the divergent effects of hydroxy and hydroperoxy products of 15-LOX on angiogenesis, highlighting the role of these products in the co-dependence of inflammation and angiogenesis.
Evidence for a lipoxygenase mechanism in the biosynthesis of epoxide and dihydroxy leukotrienes from 15(S)-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoic acid by human platelets and porcine leukocytes
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983 May;80(10):2884-8.PMID:6304687DOI:10.1073/pnas.80.10.2884.
Leukocyte preparations convert the hydroperoxy icosatetraenoic acids 5(S)-HPETE and 15(S)-HpETE to the unstable leukotriene epoxides LTA4 and 14,15-LTA4. In several ways, the conversion of 5- or 15-HPETE to leukotriene epoxide bears a formal mechanistic resemblance to the reaction catalyzed by the 12-lipoxygenase in the conversion of arachidonic acid to 12(S)-HPETE. Points of similarity include enzymatic removal of a hydrogen at carbon 10, double bond isomerization, and formation of a new carbon-to-oxygen bond. In the case of 15(S)-HpETE, two 8,15- and an erythro-14,15-dihydroxy acid (8,15- and 14,15-DiHETEs), which result from incorporation of molecular oxygen into each hydroxyl group, are coproducts in the formation of 14,15-LTA4. These facts prompted us to test the hypothesis that the biosynthesis of 14,15-LTA4 and of 8,15- and 14,15-DiHETEs from 15(S)-HpETE occurs by a mechanism similar to that observed in lipoxygenase reactions. Based on the results presented here, we conclude that the biosynthesis of 14,15-LTA4 and of 8,15- and 14,15-DiHETEs from 15(S)-HpETE occurs via a common intermediate and that, moreover, the formation of these metabolites from 15(S)-HpETE is catalyzed by an enzyme with many mechanistic features in common with the 12-lipoxygenase.
Stereochemistry of the Aplysia neuronal 12-lipoxygenase: specific potentiation of FMRFamide action by 12(S)-HPETE
Brain Res 1995 Jun 19;683(2):200-8.PMID:7552355DOI:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00375-z.
Nervous tissue of the marine mollusc, Aplysia californica, generates arachidonic acid metabolites in response to neurotransmitters such as histamine or FMRFamide. In addition, identified neurons of Aplysia respond to the pharmacologic application of some of these products, particularly those of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway. We investigated the chirality of the initial Aplysia 12-lipoxygenase product, 12-HPETE, in preparation for more detailed metabolic studies and for the analysis of the physiological activity of the endogenous lipid. Neural homogenates and intact ganglia exclusively generate 12(S)-HPETE as do the better characterized mammalian lipoxygenases. The direct application of 12(S)-HPETE to cultured sensory neurons induced a hyperpolarization which averaged 2.6 mV. We did not find any difference between the response to the naturally-occurring 12(S)-HPETE and its diastereomer, 12(R)-HPETE which is not generated in Aplysia. Both isomers were significantly more effective than 15(S)-HpETE. In contrast, 12(S)-HPETE, but not 12(R)-HPETE, was a potent modulator of the action of the molluscan neuropeptide, FMRFamide. Prior application of 12(S)-HPETE to cultured sensory neurons increased the subsequent response to a submaximal dose of FMRFamide by 60%. On the other hand, 12(R)-HPETE reduced the subsequent response to the peptide by 30%. The lack of stereospecificity in the direct effect of the lipids differs markedly from their stereospecific effects as modulators of FMRFamide action. This suggests that there may be an important neurophysiologic role for these lipid modulators which is distinct from their direct effects, and also indicates that there are multiple sites and mechanisms by which lipid hydroperoxides act on neurons in Aplysia.
Cyclooxygenase-2-mediated DNA damage
J Biol Chem 2005 Aug 5;280(31):28337-46.PMID:15964853DOI:10.1074/jbc.M504178200.
Rat intestinal epithelial cells that express the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene permanently (RIES cells) were used as a model of in vivo oxidative stress. A targeted lipidomics approach showed that 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) was the major hydroxylated non-esterified lipid formed in unstimulated intact cells. The corresponding hydroperoxide, 15(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HpETE) undergoes homolytic decomposition to the DNA-reactive bifunctional electrophile 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal, a precursor of heptanone-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine. This etheno adduct was identified in the DNA of RIES cells. A dose-dependent increase in adduct levels was observed in the presence of vitamin C. This suggested that vitamin C increased lipid hydroperoxide-mediated 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal formation in the cells. The selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 was protective against cellular DNA damage but was less effective if vitamin C was present. Prostaglandin E(2) and 15(S)-HETE biosynthesis were completely inhibited by 110 mum NS-398 in the intact RIES cells. No inhibition of COX-1 was detected in the wild-type RIE cells at this concentration of NS-398. Arachidonic acid treatment of RIES cell lysates and ionophore stimulation of intact RIES cells produced significantly more 15(R)-HETE than the untreated intact cells. These preparations also both produced 11(R)-HETE, which was not detected in the intact cells. Aspirin treatment of the intact unstimulated RIES cells resulted in the exclusive formation of 15(R)-HETE in amounts that were slightly higher than the original 15(S)-HETE observed in the absence of aspirin, implying that significant amounts of 15(R)-HPETE had also been formed. 15(R)-HPETE should give exactly the same amount of heptanone-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine as its 15(S)-enantiomer. However, no increase in heptanone-etheno adduct formation occurred in the aspirin-treated cells. The present study suggests a potential mechanism of tumorigenesis that involves DNA adduct formation from COX-2-mediated lipid peroxidation rather than prostaglandin formation. Therefore, inhibition of COX-2-mediated lipid hydroperoxide formation offers a potential therapeutic alternative to COX-2 inhibitors in chemoprevention strategies.