Ubiquinone-1
(Synonyms: 辅酶Q1) 目录号 : GC30723An electron acceptor
Cas No.:727-81-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Coenzyme Q1 (CoQ1) is an electron acceptor and a derivative of the mitochondrial electron transport chain cofactor CoQ10 .1 It induces opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and apoptosis in clone 9 cells when used at a concentration of 50 ?M.2 Coenzyme Q1 has been used in the detection of mitochondrial complex I, also known as NADH dehydrogenase, activity in perfused tissue and subcellular fractions.3,1
1.Fato, R., Estornell, E., DiBernardo, S., et al.Steady-state kinetics of the reduction of coenzyme Q analogs by complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) in bovine heart mitochondria and submitochondrial particlesBiochemistry35(8)2705-2716(1996) 2.Devun, F., Walter, L., Belliere, J., et al.Ubiquinone analogs: A mitochondrial permeability transition pore-dependent pathway to selective cell deathPLoS One5(7)(2010) 3.Bongard, R.D., Myers, C.R., Lindemer, B.J., et al.Coenzyme Q(1) as a probe for mitochondrial complex I activity in the intact perfused hyperoxia-exposed wild-type and Nqo1-null mouse lungAm. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.302(9)L949-L958(2012)
| Cas No. | 727-81-1 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 辅酶Q1 | ||
| 化学名 | 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C(OC)=C(OC)C(C(C)=C1C/C=C(C)\C)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C14H18O4 | 分子量 | 250.29 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 10 mg/ml,Ethanol: 10 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.9954 mL | 19.9768 mL | 39.9537 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7991 mL | 3.9954 mL | 7.9907 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3995 mL | 1.9977 mL | 3.9954 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Understanding Ubiquinone
Trends Cell Biol.2016 May;26(5):367-378.PMID: 26827090DOI:10.1016/j.tcb.2015.12.007
Ubiquinone (UQ; also known as coenzyme Q; CoQ) is a mobile component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, where it acts as a pro-oxidant in its ubisemiquinone state. Despite this, UQ is also believed to be a membrane antioxidant. These properties place UQ at the center of hotly debated questions about how mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) impact aging and disease. New studies using transgenic mouse models have provided unexpected insights into whether, and how, UQ is required in various processes, cell types, and subcellular locations. These studies have not only shed light on the role of mitochondria and ROS in the aging process, but also question the mechanisms of action by which UQ might function as a therapeutic agent.
The Complexity of Making Ubiquinone
Trends Endocrinol Metab.2019 Dec;30(12):929-943.PMID: 31601461DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.009.
Ubiquinone (UQ, coenzyme Q) is an essential electron transfer lipid in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a main source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also has antioxidant properties. This mix of characteristics is why ubiquinone supplementation is considered a potential therapy for many diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutations in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway are increasingly being identified in patients. Furthermore, secondary ubiquinone deficiency is a common finding associated with mitochondrial disorders and might exacerbate these conditions. Recent developments have suggested that ubiquinone biosynthesis occurs in discrete domains of the mitochondrial inner membrane close to ER-mitochondria contact sites. This spatial requirement for ubiquinone biosynthesis could be the link between secondary ubiquinone deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction, which commonly results in loss of mitochondrial structural integrity.
Advances in bacterial pathways for the biosynthesis of ubiquinone
Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg.2020 Nov 1;1861(11):148259.PMID: 32663475DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148259
Ubiquinone is an important component of the electron transfer chains in proteobacteria and eukaryotes. The biosynthesis of ubiquinone requires multiple steps, most of which are common to bacteria and eukaryotes. Whereas the enzymes of the mitochondrial pathway that produces ubiquinone are highly similar across eukaryotes, recent results point to a rather high diversity of pathways in bacteria. This review focuses on ubiquinone in bacteria, highlighting newly discovered functions and detailing the proteins that are known to participate to its biosynthetic pathways. Novel results showing that ubiquinone can be produced by a pathway independent of dioxygen suggest that ubiquinone may participate to anaerobiosis, in addition to its well-established role for aerobiosis. We also discuss the supramolecular organization of ubiquinone biosynthesis proteins and we summarize the current understanding of the evolution of the ubiquinone pathways relative to those of other isoprenoid quinones like menaquinone and plastoquinone.
Ubiquinol is superior to ubiquinone to enhance Coenzyme Q10 status in older men
Food Funct.2018 Nov 14;9(11):5653-5659.PMID: 30302465DOI:10.1039/c8fo00971f
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) exerts its functions in the body through the ability of its benzoquinone head group to accept and donate electrons. The primary functions are to relay electrons for ATP production in the electron transport chain and to act as an important lipophilic antioxidant. Ubiquinone, the oxidized form of CoQ10, is commonly formulated in commercial supplements, and it must be reduced to ubiquinol to exert CoQ10's functions after consumption. Thus, we aimed to examine whether as compared to ubiquinone, ubiquinol would be more effective to enhance the CoQ10 status in older men. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial with two 2-week intervention phases and a 2-week washout between crossovers. Ten eligible older men were randomized to consume either the ubiquinol or ubiquinone supplement at a dose of 200 mg d-1 with one of the main meals. A total of 4 blood samples were collected after an overnight fast for the determination of ubiquinone and ubiquinol in plasma and PBMC and the assessment of FRAP, total thiol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and ATP in PBMC. After 2 weeks of the supplementation, the ubiquinol supplement significantly increased plasma ubiquinone 1.7 fold from 0.2 to 0.6 μmol L-1 and total CoQ10 (the sum of 2 forms) 1.5 fold from 1.3 to 3.4 μmol L-1 (p < 0.05) and tended to increase the plasma ubiquinol status 1.5 fold from 1.1 to 2.8 μmol L-1, but did not alter the ratio of ubiquinol to total CoQ10. The ubiquinone supplement insignificantly increases plasma ubiquinol, ubiquinone, and total CoQ10 and did not affect the ratio. Of 10 subjects, six were more responsive to the ubiquinol supplement and 2 were more so to the ubiquinone. The supplementation of both CoQ10 forms did not alter the CoQ10 status in PBMC. FRAP, total thiol, and MDA in plasma and ATP in PBMC were not changed during the intervention. The significant increase in plasma CoQ10 status observed after the 2-week supplementation suggested that ubiquinol appeared to be a better supplemental form to enhance the CoQ10 status than ubiquinone in older men. Neither ubiquinol nor ubiquinone supplement affected the measured biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Ubiquinone and tocopherol: dissimilar siblings
Biochem Pharmacol.2008 Aug 1;76(3):289-302.PMID: 18499086DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2008.04.003
Research on antioxidants and their potential health benefits expanded over the last decades from basic science to the medical and nutritional fields. This included supplementation studies of both vitamin E compounds and the endogenous antioxidant ubiquinone, to prevent or alleviate cardiovascular diseases and their pathophysiological consequences. In many of these studies, only one antioxidant or one group of antioxidants was considered, disregarding the pharmacological and toxicological properties of their metabolites as well as possible cooperative and competitive effects on the overall physiological response. There are many--often indirect--effects, especially in gene regulation, observed on administration of both compound groups in cells, which have been assigned to these molecules without identifying the cellular targets. Therefore, this article focuses on direct chemical and biochemical effects of ubiquinone- and alpha-tocopherol-related compounds, which are evident from direct binding studies or direct interaction leading to chemical modification of the compounds. These groups include para-benzoquinones (ubiquinone and alpha-tocopheryl quinone) and chroma(e)nols (alpha-tocopherol and bicyclic ubiquinone derivatives). Their effects as antioxidants, co-antioxidants, and pro-oxidants as well as direct interactions with proteins are considered, pointing out similarities and dissimilarities of the two compound groups in a wider context. The review of the isolated findings about one or a few of these compounds in the literature, disregarding structurally related compounds, suggests that comprehensive structure/activity relationship studies including related compounds would promote the understanding of biological functions and pharmacological effects of ubiquinone- and alpha-tocopherol-related compounds.