Kainic acid
(Synonyms: 红藻氨酸) 目录号 : GC16667Kainic acid (KA)是一种类似于兴奋毒性神经递质谷氨酸的物质。
Cas No.:487-79-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Kainic acid (KA), is an analog of the excitotoxic neurotransmitter glutamate. Kainic acid induces seizures[1-3].
Kainic acid(200 µM; 45 min) exposure induced caspase and calpain activation in neuronal cultures[4]. Kainic acid(5 µM) induces seizure-like activity in cortical human neurons[5]. Treatments with KA(1-100 µM) resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons [6].
KA-induced(10 mg/kg;i.p) excitotoxicity led to sustained hyperphosphorylation of tau in MAPT transgenic (Tg) mice. This can lead to memory deficits[7]. After 1.0 µg of Kainic acid was injected into the hippocampus of young mice at 6, 7 and 9 days of age, pyramidal cells died significantly [8]. Injection of Kainic acid(70 µl/min; 16 mg/kg;i.v) through the tail vein of a mouse reliably and rapidly induces status epilepticus (SE) which remits spontaneously and leads to the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in a subset of mice[9].
References:
[1]. LÉvesque M, Avoli M. The kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Dec;37(10 Pt 2):2887-99. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.011. Epub 2013 Oct 30. PMID: 24184743; PMCID: PMC4878897.
[2]. Ben-Ari Y, Cossart R. Kainate, a double agent that generates seizures: two decades of progress. Trends Neurosci. 2000 Nov;23(11):580-7. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01659-3. PMID: 11074268.
[3]. Barker-Haliski M, White HS. Glutamatergic Mechanisms Associated with Seizures and Epilepsy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015 Jun 22;5(8):a022863. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022863. PMID: 26101204; PMCID: PMC4526718.
[4]. Meade AJ, Meloni BP, et,al. AP-1 inhibitory peptides attenuate in vitro cortical neuronal cell death induced by kainic acid. Brain Res. 2010 Nov 11;1360:8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.007. Epub 2010 Sep 15. PMID: 20833150.
[5]. Mzezewa R, Lotila J, et,al. A kainic acid-induced seizure model in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons for studying the role of IL-6 in the functional activity. Stem Cell Res. 2022 Apr;60:102665. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102665. Epub 2022 Jan 17. PMID: 35091307.
[6]. RodrÍguez-ChÁvez V, Flores-Soto E, et,al. Prolactin reduces the kainic acid-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, leading to neuroprotection of hippocampal neurons. Neurosci Lett. 2023 Jul 27;810:137344. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137344. Epub 2023 Jun 13. PMID: 37315731.
[7]. Zheng XY, Lv YD, et,al. Kainic acid hyperphosphorylates tau via inflammasome activation in MAPT transgenic mice. Aging (Albany NY). 2019 Dec 2;11(23):10923-10938. doi: 10.18632/aging.102495. Epub 2019 Dec 2. PMID: 31789603; PMCID: PMC6932880.
[8]. Cook TM, Crutcher KA. Intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid produces significant pyramidal cell loss in neonatal rats. Neuroscience. 1986 May;18(1):79-92. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(86)90180-6. PMID: 3736859.
[9]. Drysdale ND, Matthews E, et,al. Intravenous kainic acid induces status epilepticus and late onset seizures in mice. Epilepsy Res. 2021 Dec;178:106816. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106816. Epub 2021 Nov 14. PMID: 34808484; PMCID: PMC8657370.
Kainic acid (KA)是一种类似于兴奋毒性神经递质谷氨酸的物质。Kainic acid诱导癫痫发作[1-3]。
Kainic acid(200 µM; 45 min)在神经元中诱导caspase和钙蛋白酶calpain激活[4]。Kainic acid(5 µM)诱导人类皮层神经元的癫痫样活动[5]。Kainic acid (1-100 µM)处理导致海马神经元原代培养细胞活力显著降低[6]。
Kainic acid (10 mg/kg;i.p) 诱导的兴奋性毒性导致MAPT转基因(Tg)小鼠的tau持续过度磷酸化,这会导致记忆力减退[7]。在6、7、9日龄幼鼠海马中注射1.0µg Kainic acid后,锥体细胞明显死亡[8]。Kainic acid(70 µl/min;16 mg/kg; iv)通过小鼠尾静脉可快速地诱导癫痫持续状态(SE),并导致一部分小鼠发生颞叶癫痫(TLE)[9]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
Neuron |
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Preparation Method |
To induce excitotoxicity in the cortical neuronal cultures 50 µL of conditioned media containing kainic acid was added to culture wells containing 50 µL of conditioned media (200 µM final kainic acid concentration). Cultures were incubated at 37℃ in the CO2 incubator for 45 min for kainic acid, after which time the media was replaced with 100 µL of 50% NB/2% N2 and 50% balance salt solution (NB/N2:BSS). |
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Reaction Conditions |
200 µM;45 min |
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Applications |
Acute exposure of neurons to kainic acid induces cell death. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
C57BL/6 mice |
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Preparation Method |
Kainic Acid was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) at a concentration of one mg/ml and aliquoted, frozen, and stored at 80 ℃. On the day of infusion, an aliquot was removed from the freezer and allowed to come to room temperature prior to infusion; unused excess was discarded. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) served as vehicle. Five units of heparin were added to every one ml of PBS and one ml of KA. Mice were gently restrained and either KA or PBS solutions infused into lateral tail vein via a 30 gauge needle at an infusion rate of 70 µl/min using a syringe pump. |
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Dosage form |
70 µl/min; 16 mg/kg;i.v |
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Applications |
Intravenous infusion of KA reliably induces status epilepticus (SE). |
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References: [1]. Meade AJ, Meloni BP, et,al. AP-1 inhibitory peptides attenuate in vitro cortical neuronal cell death induced by kainic acid. Brain Res. 2010 Nov 11;1360:8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.007. Epub 2010 Sep 15. PMID: 20833150. |
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| Cas No. | 487-79-6 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 红藻氨酸 | ||
| 化学名 | (2S,3S,4S)-3-(carboxymethyl)-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC([C@H]1NC[C@H](C(C)=C)[C@@H]1CC(O)=O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C10H15NO4 | 分子量 | 213.23 |
| 溶解度 | ≥ 11.05mg/mL in Water with gentle warming | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.6898 mL | 23.4489 mL | 46.8977 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.938 mL | 4.6898 mL | 9.3795 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.469 mL | 2.3449 mL | 4.6898 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
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