T-2 Toxin-13C24

T-2 toxin-¹³C₂₄ is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of T-2 toxin by GC- or LC-MS. T-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found in Fusarium.¹ It binds to and inhibits peptidyltransferase in the 60S ribosomal subunit, inducing a ribotoxic stress response that triggers JNK and p38 MAPK signaling. T-2 toxin (3 nM) decreases toll-like receptor expression and LPS-induced production of IL-1β, TNF-α, and nitric oxide (NO) in, and is cytotoxic to (IC₅₀ = 19.47), primary pig alveolar macrophages (PAMs).² In vivo, T-2 toxin induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and glutathione (GSH) depletion in mouse brain and is lethal to mice (LD₅₀s = 1.54-5.94 mg/kg).¹ It also induces hepatocyte apoptosis and dyslipidemias in mice. T-2 toxin has been found in Fusarium-infected wheat, barley, and rice crops both in fields and in storage.

1.Doi, K., and Uetsuka, K.Mechanisms of mycotoxin-induced neurotoxicity through oxidative stress-associated pathwaysInt. J. Mol. Sci.12(8)5213-5237(2011) 2.Seeboth, J., Solinhac, R., Oswald, I.P., et al.The fungal T-2 toxin alters the activation of primary macrophages induced by TLR-agonists resulting in a decrease of the inflammatory response in the pigVet. Res.43(1)1-18(2012)