RVG TFA

RVG TFA is a peptide derived from the glycoprotein of rabies virus that binds to the α-7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR) of neuronal cells^[1]. RVG is a non-toxic 29-amino acid peptide (YTIWMPENPRPGTPCDIFTNSRGKRASNG) that can enhance the delivery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs)^[2]. RVG can be coupled to drugs, siRNA or nanoparticles to achieve targeted delivery to the central nervous system (CNS)^{[3, 4]}. RVG can serve as a targeting ligand for non-viral vectors (such as liposomes or exosomes) to enhance gene delivery efficiency^[5]. RVG interacts with host receptors including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM), p75 neurotrophin receptor (P75NTR), metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGlu2) and integrin β1 (ITGβ1) to initiate viral endocytosis into cells^[6].

References:
[1] Shelukhina I, Siniavin A, Kasheverov I, et al. α7-and α9-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the functioning of immune system and in pain[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24(7): 6524.
[2] Garnica O, Das K, Devasundaram S, et al. Enhanced delivery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens to antigen presenting cells using RVG peptide[J]. Tuberculosis, 2019, 116: S34-S41.
[3] Wang Q, Cheng S, Qin F, et al. Application progress of RVG peptides to facilitate the delivery of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system[J]. RSC advances, 2021, 11(15): 8505-8515.
[4] Gao Y, Wang Z Y, Zhang J, et al. RVG-peptide-linked trimethylated chitosan for delivery of siRNA to the brain[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2014, 15(3): 1010-1018.
[5] Xie R, Wang Y, Burger J C, et al. Non-viral approaches for gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing across the blood–brain barrier[J]. Med-x, 2023, 1(1): 6.
[6] O’Brien B C V, Thao S, Weber L, et al. The human alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a host target for the rabies virus glycoprotein[J]. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2024, 14: 1394713.

RVG TFA是一种源自狂犬病病毒糖蛋白的肽，可与神经元细胞烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（AchR）的α-7亚基结合^[1]。RVG是一种无毒的29个氨基酸肽 （YTIWMPENPRPGTPCDIFTNSRGKRASNG），能够增强结核分枝杆菌抗原向抗原呈递细胞（APCs）的递送^[2]。RVG能够与药物、siRNA或纳米颗粒偶联，实现中枢神经系统（CNS）靶向递送^{[3, 4]}。RVG能够作为非病毒载体（如脂质体或外泌体）的靶向配体，增强基因递送效率^[5]。RVG与宿主受体相互作用，包括烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）、神经细胞粘附分子（NCAM）、p75神经营养因子受体（P75NTR）、代谢型谷氨酸受体亚型2（mGlu2）和整合素β1（ITGβ1）以启动病毒内吞作用进入细胞^[6]。