Quinacrine dihydrochloride (Mepacrine dihydrochloride)
目录号 : GC32768
Quinacrine是一种荧光探针，使胆碱能受体蛋白发生构象转变，低μM水平对AML细胞具有作用活性，平均IC50为2.30μM。
Cas No.:69-05-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Quinacrine is a fluorescent probe for the conformational transitions of the cholinergic receptor protein. Quinacrine shows activity in the low μM range with a mean IC50 of 2.30 μM In the patient AML cells.IC50 value: 2.30 μM (for AML cells)Target:in vitro: Quinacrine is a fluorescent probe for the conformational transitions of the cholinergic receptor protein in its membrane-bound state.[1] In the patient AML samples, Quinacrine showed activity in the low μM range with a mean IC50 of 2.30 μM, statistically significantly lower than that of normal PBMCs; 3.54 μM (P=0.0327; Student's t-test). Samples from patients with chronic lymphocytic, acute myeloid and lymphocytic leukemias as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were tested in response to 1266 compounds from the LOPAC1280 library. 25 compounds were defined as hits with activity in all leukemia subgroups (<50% cell survival compared with control) at 10 μM drug concentration. Only Quinacrine showed concurrent high activity in all leukemia subgroups and low activity in normal PBMCs and was, therefore, selected for further preclinical evaluation. Quinacrine also induced early inhibition of both DNA and protein synthesis. Quinacrine have repositioning potential for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia by targeting of ribosomal biogenesis.[2]
[1]. Grünhagen HH, et al. Studies on the electrogenic action of acetylcholine with Torpedo marmorata electric organ. IV. Quinacrine: a fluorescent probe for the conformational transitions of the cholinergic receptor protein in its membrane-bound state. J Mol Biol. 1976 Sep 25;106(3):497-516. [2]. Eriksson A, et al. Drug screen in patient cells suggests quinacrine to be repositioned for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.Blood Cancer J. 2015 Apr 17;5:e307.
| Cas No. | 69-05-6 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | CC(NC1=C(C=C(OC)C=C2)C2=NC3=CC(Cl)=CC=C31)CCCN(CC)CC.Cl.Cl | ||
| 分子式 | C23H32Cl3N3O | 分子量 | 472.88 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : ≥ 44 mg/mL (93.05 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.1147 mL | 10.5735 mL | 21.147 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4229 mL | 2.1147 mL | 4.2294 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2115 mL | 1.0574 mL | 2.1147 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Determination of Quinacrine dihydrochloride dihydrate stability and characterization of its degradants
J Pharm Sci 2011 Aug;100(8):3223-3232.PMID:21425260DOI:10.1002/jps.22543.
Although Quinacrine dihydrochloride dihydrate is a widely used drug substance, a comprehensive determination of its stability profile is lacking. In this work, an integrative approach is implemented to determine the drug stability both in the solid state and aqueous solutions, identify the impurities that can be found in the active pharmaceutical ingredient, and evaluate the associated toxicity risks. Thermal analyses pointed out a two-step dehydration of the solid state. This phenomenon seems to be consistent with the organization of the water molecules in the crystal structure and results in the destruction of the lattice. Seven related compounds of quinacrine have been identified by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. The main thermal degradant both in the solid state and the solution corresponds to the N-deethyl compound, whereas quinacrine tertiary amine oxyde appears to be a signal impurity of oxidative stress in solution. Moreover, two photolytic impurities can be formed in solution either by aromatic amine cleavage or via O-demethylation. Additionally, using computational approaches, the analysis of the potential toxicity of the impurities compared with the parent compound one shows that ketone and O-demethyl derivatives may exhibit specific toxicity profiles.
A one-year neonatal mouse carcinogenesis study of Quinacrine dihydrochloride
Int J Toxicol 2006 Mar-Apr;25(2):109-18.PMID:16597549DOI:10.1080/10915810600605773.
Quinacrine is an acridine derivative under investigation for its use in nonsurgical female sterilization. Safety issues regarding the carcinogenic potential of quinacrine have been raised because it is mutagenic and clastogenic in vitro. The objective of the study was to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Quinacrine dihydrochloride (quinacrine) in neonatal mice treated with single intraperitoneal doses on postpartum days 8 and 15 and observed for 52 weeks. Neonatal Crl: CD-1 mice of each sex were randomly allocated into four treatment groups (0, 10, 50, and 150 mg/kg), dosed twice with quinacrine suspended in carboxymethylcellulose, observed for 52 weeks post dose, and then euthanized, necropsied, and subjected to a full histopathological examination. In male mice, tumor incidence was not significantly increased at any site at any dose level. In female mice, the incidence of benign uterine endometrial stromal polyps was slightly greater at the mid and high dose (> or = 50 mg/kg), as was the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia. The incidence of polyps in these groups was not significantly greater than in controls by pair-wise comparison but was significantly greater (p = .042) by the linear trend test. The authors conclude that quinacrine administered twice to neonatal mice may have enhanced or accelerated the development of endometrial hyperplasia and uterine stromal polyps at higher doses. Because uterine stromal polyps are a commonly observed benign tumor in older mice, the significance of this finding is unclear and will require a weight of evidence evaluation for a conclusion on the carcinogenic potential of quinacrine.
Micronucleus test on Quinacrine dihydrochloride in mice: a comparison of dosage regimens
Mutat Res 1990 Jun-Aug;234(3-4):141-5.PMID:1694962DOI:10.1016/0165-1161(90)90006-a.
Micronucleus induction by Quinacrine dihydrochloride (Q) was tested in CD-1 male mice by single, double, and triple oral treatment(s) with 50 or 250 mg/kg. The mice were killed 24 h after the last treatment. Femoral marrow cells were analyzed on slides stained with Giemsa and acridine orange. Both staining methods gave similar results. The frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPE) were marginally increased, in comparison with a concurrent negative control group, only in the triple treatment group of 250 mg/kg. There were, however, no big differences in MPE frequencies among the treatment regimens.
Evaluation of phenolphthalein, diazepam and Quinacrine dihydrochloride in the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and TK6 cells
Mutat Res 2010 Oct 29;702(2):219-29.PMID:20399283DOI:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.04.004.
The in vitro micronucleus assay has been extensively used as an in vitro screening tool to identify test articles that might have aneugenic or clastogenic potential. Currently, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is working towards a final version of the guideline for the conduct of the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus Test (MNvit). A few questions regarding appropriate cytotoxicity measurements and cytotoxicity limits to use remain to be answered. In order to resolve the remaining questions, we compared the induction of micronuclei at the top dose (50-60% cytotoxicity) determined by either Relative Cell Counts (RCC), Relative Increase in Cell Counts (RICC), Relative Population Doublings (RPD), or Cytokinesis-Blocked Proliferating Index (CBPI) using weak and strong inducers of micronuclei in both the presence and absence of cytochalasin B (CYB) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. In order to assess extensive dose-response relationships, we selected expected weak (diazepam, phenolphthalein, Quinacrine dihydrochloride dihydrate) and strong (cytosine arabinoside, mitomycin C, vinblastine sulphate) inducers of micronuclei with a variety of different mechanisms of action for testing. The results clearly demonstrated that all six compounds produced positive responses using either cytotoxicity measurement. The outcome from these studies further supports the cytotoxicity measurements and cytotoxicity limits proposed in the draft OECD guideline.
Re-evaluation of the mutagenic potential of Quinacrine dihydrochloride dihydrate
Mutat Res 2001 Jul 25;494(1-2):41-53.PMID:11423344DOI:10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00178-4.
Quinacrine has been used for voluntary female non-surgical sterilization for its ability to produce tubal occlusion. Safety issues regarding quinacrine have been raised because it has been shown to intercalate with DNA. Therefore, safety issues need to be resolved by appropriate toxicology studies to support a review for human transcervical use. Such toxicology studies include mutagenicity assays. Here we report an evaluation of the genotoxicity of Quinacrine dihydrochloride dihydrate (QH) using a battery of assays. In the bacterial mutagenicity assay, QH was strongly positive in Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA1537 with and without S9-activation and in S. typhimurium tester strain TA98 with S9-activation; QH was also strongly positive in Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA without S9-activation. QH was not mutagenic in S. typhimurium tester strains TA100 and TA1535 with and without S9-activation. QH was mutagenic in the mouse lymphoma assay in the absence of S9-activation. QH was clastogenic in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, with and without S9-activation. QH was negative for polyploidy in the same chromosome aberration test. Using a triple intraperitoneal injection treatment protocol in both male and female mice, QH was negative in the in vivo mouse micronucleated erythrocyte (micronucleus) assay. These results confirm that QH is mutagenic and clastogenic in vitro and suggest a potential risk to human health due to QH exposure after intrauterine exposure.