Viral Antigens(病毒抗原)
A viral Antigen is an antigen with multiple antigenicities that is protein in nature, strain-specific, and closely associated with the virus particle. A viral antigen is a protein encoded by the viral genome.A viral protein is an antigen specified by the viral genome that can be detected by a specific immunological response.
Viruses are infectious pathogens that cause serious diseases & major threats for global public health, such as influenza, hepatitis, & AIDS. Virus is a sub-micrometer particle that has DNA or RNA packed in a shell called capsid. Viral antigens protrude from the capsid and often fulfill important function in docking to the host cell, fusion, and injection of viral DNA/RNA. Antibody-based immune responses form a first layer of protection of the host from viral infection; however, in many cases a vigorous cellular immune response mediated by T-cells and NK-cells is required for effective viral clearance. When cellular immunity is unable to clear the virus, the infection can become chronic, and serum antibodies to the viral pathogen are used as first indicator for the diagnosis of the disease.
ELISAs provide a valuable tool in the detection and diagnosis of virus infection. The ability to produce recombinant viral proteins will ensure that future ELISAs are safe, specific and rapid. Even when a virus cannot be cultured, provided gene sequence is available, it is possible to rapidly respond to emerging viruses and new viral strains of existing pathogens.
Recombinant viral antigens contain part of viral sequence meaning that the recombinant antigen contains a region which can be recognized by different antibodies produced by different individuals. This reduces the risk of false negatives which can occur with synthetic peptides, which contain only a small portion of the entire protein. If an individual infected with a viral antigen makes antibodies to a part of the protein not included in the synthetic peptides, a false negative results.
Recombinant viral protein usually contains a fusion protein/partner which produces superior attachment to assay surfaces such as wells. For this reason, smaller amounts of recombinant protein will produce the same results as larger amounts of unfused protein. The choice of fusion partner prevents false positives, allowing superior adhesion without incorrect results.
Recombinant Viral proteins are expressed in bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells, and viruses. E. Coli cells were first to be used for this purpose but the expressed proteins were not glycosylated, which was a major drawback since many of the immunogenic proteins of viruses such as the envelope glycoproteins, were glycosylated. Nevertheless, in many instances, it was demonstrated that the non-glycosylated protein backbone was just as immunogenic. The obvious advantage of recombinant viral antigens is that they are available in unlimited quantities and the production and quality control processes is simple.
Advantages of defined using recombinant viral antigens:
1. Production and quality control is simple.
2. No nucleic acids or other viral or external proteins, therefore less toxic.
3. Safer in cases where viruses are oncogenic or establish a persistent infection.
4. Feasible even if virus cannot be cultivated
Disadvantages:
1. May be less immunogenic than conventional inactivated whole-virus vaccines.
2. Requires adjuvant .
3. Fails to elicit CMI.
Facts about Viral Antigens:
1. A Viral Protein Mimics its Way into cells.
2. Viral Protein Helps Infected T Cells Stick To Uninfected Cells.
3. The Viral Protein A238L Inhibits Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression through a Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cell-dependent Trans-activation Pathway.
4. Viral Protein is an effective preventative against ear infection.
5. HIV-1 Viral Protein R Induces Apoptosis via a Direct Effect on the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore.
6. The Level of Viral Antigen Presented by Hepatocytes Influences CD8 T-Cell Function.
7. Antigen-presenting cells from calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus, a member of the Flaviviridae, are not compromised in their ability to present viral antigen.
8. There is a difference in the distribution and spread of a viral antigen, development of lesions and correlation between presence of viral antigen and lesions.
9. The absence of viral antigens on the surface of equine herpesvirus-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a strategy to avoid complement-mediated lysis.
10. Viral Protein Influences Key Cell-signaling Pathway.
11. A viral protein produced by cancer-causing virus influences a key signaling pathway in the immune cells that the virus infects. This stimulates the cells to divide, helping the virus spread through the body.
12. Protection by recombinant viral proteins against a respiratory virulent avian metapneumovirus has been achieved.
13. Viral O-acetylesterases are found in influenza C viruses and Corona-viruses. Viral O-acetylesterases remove cellular receptors from the surface of target cells which destroys the receptor. Recombinant viral O-acetylesterases derived from Sf9 insect cells as chimeric proteins fused to eGFP specifically hydrolyze 9-O-acetylated sialic acids, while that of sialodacryoadenitis virus, a rat coronavirus related to mouse hepatitis virus, is specific for 4-O-acetylated sialic acid. The recombinant esterases were shown to specifically de-O-acetylate sialic acids on glycoconjugates. The recombinant viral proteins can be used to unambiguously identify O-acetylated acids.
Products for Viral Antigens
- Borrelia(28)
- Chagas(3)
- Chikungunya(6)
- Chlamydia(10)
- Cytomegalo(8)
- Dengue(46)
- Ebola(4)
- EBV(9)
- Encephalitis(8)
- Feline Leukemia Virus(1)
- Hantavirus(1)
- HBsAg(8)
- Helicobacter Pylori(3)
- Hepatitis A(15)
- Hepatitis B(10)
- Hepatitis C(85)
- Hepatitis D(1)
- Hepatitis E(5)
- Herpes(11)
- HERV-K(1)
- HIV(128)
- HTLV(6)
- Influenza(62)
- Lassa(2)
- Malaria(65)
- Mumps(1)
- Mycoplasma(4)
- Norovirus(4)
- Papillomavirus(5)
- Parvovirus(3)
- Rubella(3)
- S. Typhi(5)
- SARS(80)
- Shiga Like Toxin(2)
- Toxoplasma(9)
- Treponema(16)
- Varicella(3)
- West Nile(2)
- Zika(11)
- Cat.No. 产品名称 Information
- GC61633 Peldesine dihydrochloride Peldesine(BCX34)dihydrochloride是一种有效的,竞争性,可逆和口服活性的嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶(PNP)抑制剂,对人,大鼠和小鼠红细胞(RBC)PNP的IC50分别为36nM,5nM和32nM。Peldesinedihydrochloride还是一种T细胞(T-cell)增殖抑制剂,IC50为800nM。Peldesinedihydrochloride可用于皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤,牛皮癣和HIV感染的研究。
- GC48954 CP21 An iron chelator
- GC48925 Aureonitol A fungal metabolite
- GC48893 Carbazomycin B A bacterial metabolite with diverse biological activities
- GC48850 Carbazomycin C A bacterial metabolite with diverse biological activities
- GC48842 Actiphenol A bacterial metabolite with antiviral activity
- GC48815 5,7,8-Trimethoxydictamnine A quinoline alkaloid with antimalarial activity
- GC48801 Nylidrin An agonist of β-ARs and antagonist of NR1A/2B subunit-containing NMDA receptors
- GC48774 Melicopine An acridone alkaloid with antimalarial and anticancer activities
- GC48580 Penicolinate B A fungal metabolite with diverse biological activities
- GC48546 Emeguisin A A fungal metabolite
- GC48520 Betulonaldehyde A pentacyclic triterpenoid
- GC48446 Betulin 3,28-diacetate A triterpene with antiviral and hepatoprotective activities
- GC50716 K 22 An antiviral agent
- GC48265 Zanamivir-13C,15N2 An internal standard for the quantification of zanamivir
- GC48101 SSAA09E1 A SARS-CoV entry inhibitor
- GC47791 Noracronycine An alkaloid with antimalarial activity
- GC47735 N-acetyl Desethylchloroquine-d4 An internal standard for the quantification of N-acetyl desethylchloroquine
- GC47523 K-41 A fungal metabolite with antibiotic and antiparasitic activities
- GC47452 Imatinib-d3 An internal standard for the quantification of imatinib
- GC47445 Hydroxychloroquine-d4 (sulfate) An internal standard for the quantification of hydroxychloroquine
- GC47195 Desethylchloroquine-d4 An internal standard for the quantification of desethylchloroquine
- GC47193 Desethyl Hydroxychloroquine-d4 An internal standard for the quantification of desethyl hydroxychloroquine
- GC47139 Cycloaspeptide A A fungal metabolite
- GC47119 Colletodiol A fungal metabolite with immunosuppressive and antiviral activities
- GC47062 CAY10766 An antiviral compound
- GC46922 Betamethasone 21-phosphate (sodium salt hydrate) A synthetic glucocorticoid
- GC46915 Bendiocarb A broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide
- GC46910 Beauvericin A A cyclodepsipeptide with diverse biological activities
- GC46895 Aurintricarboxylic Acid (ammonium salt) A protein synthesis inhibitor with diverse biological activities
- GC46882 Artemisinin-d3 An internal standard for the quantification of artemisinin
- GC46881 Artemether-d3 An internal standard for the quantification of artemether
- GC46753 9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME An oxylipin
- GC46705 5-Methoxycanthinone An alkaloid with anticancer properties
- GC46404 10-Norparvulenone A fungal metabolite
- GC61284 Soyasaponin II SoyasaponinII是具有抗病毒活性的皂苷。SoyasaponinII抑制HSV-1,HCMV,流感病毒和HIV-1的复制。SoyasaponinII对HSV-1复制显示出有效的抑制作用。SoyasaponinII作为YB-1磷酸化和NLRP3炎性小体引发的抑制剂,可保护小鼠免受LPS/GalN诱导的急性肝衰竭。
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GC61171
Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium (W/W 43%)
PentosanPolysulfateSodium是一种口服生物可利用的半合成药物,具有抗炎和促软骨生成的特性。PentosanPolysulfateSodium也是一种有效和选择性的抗HIV药物。PentosanPolysulfateSodium用于间质性膀胱炎的研究。
- GC61168 Peldesine Peldesine(BCX34)是一种有效的,竞争性,可逆和口服活性的嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶(PNP)抑制剂,对人,大鼠和小鼠红细胞(RBC)PNP的IC50分别为36nM,5nM和32nM。Peldesine还是一种T细胞(T-cell)增殖抑制剂,IC50为800nM。Peldesine可用于皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤,牛皮癣和HIV感染的研究。
- GC61134 Nigranoic acid Nigranoicacid是五味子中分离得到的一种三萜类化合物。Nigranoicacid能抑制HIV-1逆转录酶。在脑缺血再灌注动物模型中,Nigranoicacid通过PARP/AIF信号通路保护大脑。
- GC60978 L-Chicoric Acid A dicaffeoyl ester with diverse biological activities
- GC60840 FGI-106 tetrahydrochloride FGI-106tetrahydrochloride是一种有效的广谱抑制剂,对多种病毒具有抑制活性。FGI-106tetrahydrochloride具有抗埃博拉病毒(EBOV),裂谷病毒(RiftValleyvirus)和登革热病毒(DengueFevervirus)的活性,其EC50分别为100nM,800nM和400-900nM。FGI-106tetrahydrochloride还分别以EC50值为200nM和150nM抑制非失血性发热病毒HCV和HIV-1。
- GC60700 Chloroquine D5 An internal standard for the quantification of chloroquine
- GC60617 AZT triphosphate TEA AZTtriphosphateTFA(3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphateTFA)是一种Zidovudine(AZT)的活性三磷酸酯代谢产物。AZTtriphosphateTFA具有抗逆转录病毒的活性,并抑制HIV复制。AZTtriphosphateTFA还可抑制HBV的DNA聚合酶。AZTtriphosphateTFA可激活线粒体介导的凋亡(apoptosis)途径。
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GC60616
AZT triphosphate
AZTtriphosphate(3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate)是一种Zidovudine(AZT)的活性三磷酸酯代谢产物。AZTtriphosphate具有抗逆转录病毒的活性,并抑制HIV复制。AZTtriphosphate还可抑制HBV的DNA聚合酶。AZTtriphosphate可激活线粒体介导的凋亡(apoptosis)途径。
- GC60344 Sparstolonin B An isocoumarin with diverse biological activities
- GC60047 Amphotericin B methyl ester A polyene antiviral and antifungal agent
- GC39814 Mitoguazone Mitoguazone (Methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone)) 是一种具有有效抗肿瘤活性的合成多羰基衍生物。Mitoguazone 是一种可透过血脑屏障的竞争性的 S-腺苷-蛋氨酸脱羧酶 (S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase) 抑制剂,可破坏多胺的生物合成。Mitoguazone 诱导细胞凋亡 (apoptosis),可抑制 HIV DNA 整合到单核细胞和巨噬细胞中的细胞 DNA 中。Mitoguazone 具可用于急性白血病,霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤的研究。
- GC39739 Bz-RS-iSer(3-Ph)-OMe Bz-RS-ISer(3-Ph)-Ome is a chemical.
- GC39734 Diphyllin A lignan with diverse biological activities
- GC39642 SARS-CoV-IN-2 SARS-CoV-IN-2 是一种有效的 SARS-CoV 复制抑制剂。在 Vero 细胞中,SARS-CoV-IN 1 抗冠状病毒,EC50 为 1.9 μM。SARS-CoV-IN-2 抑制 P. falciparum 3D7 和 W2 株,IC50 分别为 21.5 和 30 nM;IC90 分别为 51.0 和 99.9 nM。在 MT-4 细胞中,SARS-CoV-IN-2 降低 HIV-1 诱导的细胞病变,EC50 为 2.9 μM。具有抗疟和抗病毒活性。