Mepazine
(Synonyms: 甲哌啶嗪; Pecazine) 目录号 : GC68218Mepazine (Pecazine) 是一种有效的选择性 MALT1 蛋白酶抑制剂。Mepazine 抑制全长 GSTMALT1 和 GSTMALT1 325-760 段的 IC50 分别为 0.83 和 0.42 μM。Mepazine 通过增强细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis) 来影响 ABC-DLBCL 细胞的生存能力。
Cas No.:60-89-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Mepazine (Pecazine) is a potent and selective MALT1 protease inhibitor with IC50s of 0.83 and 0.42 μM for GSTMALT1 full length and GSTMALT1 325-760, respectively. Mepazine affects viability of ABC-DLBCL cells by enhancing Apoptosis[1].
Mepazine (5-20 μM; 4 days) causes a decrease of cell viability in the activated B cell subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABCDLBCL) cells, without significantly affecting GCB-DLBCL cells[1].
Cell Viability Assay[1]
| Cell Line: | ABC-DLBCL cell lines (HBL1, OCI-Ly3, U2932, TMD8, OCI-Ly10) and GCB-DLBCL cell lines (BJAB, Su-DHL-6, Su-DHL-4) |
| Concentration: | 5, 10, and 20 μM |
| Incubation Time: | 4 days |
| Result: | Caused a decrease of cell viability in the ABC-DLBCL cells HBL1, OCI-Ly3, U2932, and TMD8, without significantly affecting GCB-DLBCL cells. |
Mepazine (16 mg/kg; intraperitoneal administration) interferes with growth and induces apoptosis of ABC-DLBCL cell line OCI-Ly10 in NOD/scid IL-2Rgnull (NSG) mice with a murine DLBCL xenogeneic tumor model. Daily administration of Mepazine strongly impairs the expansion of the ABC-DLBCL cell line OCI-Ly10[1].
| Animal Model: | 6- to 8-week-old female NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice with a murine DLBCL xenogeneic tumor model[1] |
| Dosage: | 400 μg per animal (25 g), corresponding to approximately 16 mg/kg. |
| Administration: | Intraperitoneal administration; started 1 or 12 days after transplantation and given continuously every 24 hr; daily application |
| Result: | Daily administration strongly impaired the expansion of the ABC-DLBCL cell line OCI-Ly10. |
[1]. Nagel D, et al. Pharmacologic inhibition of MALT1 protease by phenothiazines as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of aggressive ABC-DLBCL. Cancer Cell. 2012 Dec 11;22(6):825-37.
| Cas No. | 60-89-9 | SDF | Download SDF |
| 别名 | 甲哌啶嗪; Pecazine | ||
| 分子式 | C19H22N2S | 分子量 | 310.46 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 130 mg/mL (418.73 mM; Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.221 mL | 16.1051 mL | 32.2103 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6442 mL | 3.221 mL | 6.4421 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3221 mL | 1.6105 mL | 3.221 mL |
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动物平均体重 | g | |
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动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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2.
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Mepazine Inhibits RANK-Induced Osteoclastogenesis Independent of Its MALT1 Inhibitory Function
Molecules 2018 Nov 30;23(12):3144.PMID:30513612DOI:10.3390/molecules23123144.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) is an intracellular cysteine protease (paracaspase) that plays an integral role in innate and adaptive immunity. The phenothiazine Mepazine has been shown to inhibit the proteolytic activity of MALT1 and is frequently used to study its biological role. MALT1 has recently been suggested as a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we analyzed the effect of Mepazine on the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANK)-induced osteoclastogenesis. The treatment of mouse bone marrow precursor cells with Mepazine strongly inhibited the RANK ligand (RANKL)-induced formation of osteoclasts, as well as the expression of several osteoclast markers, such as TRAP, cathepsin K, and calcitonin. However, RANKL induced osteoclastogenesis equally well in bone marrow cells derived from wild-type and Malt1 knock-out mice. Furthermore, the protective effect of Mepazine was not affected by MALT1 deficiency. Additionally, the absence of MALT1 did not affect RANK-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) activation. Overall, these studies demonstrate that MALT1 is not essential for RANK-induced osteoclastogenesis, and implicate a MALT1-independent mechanism of action of Mepazine that should be taken into account in future studies using this compound.
Biperiden and Mepazine effectively inhibit MALT1 activity and tumor growth in pancreatic cancer
Int J Cancer 2020 Mar 15;146(6):1618-1630.PMID:31291468DOI:10.1002/ijc.32567.
MALT1 is a key mediator of NF-κB signaling and a main driver of B-cell lymphomas. Remarkably, MALT1 is expressed in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) as well, but absent from normal exocrine pancreatic tissue. Following, MALT1 shows off to be a specific target in cancer cells of PDAC without affecting regular pancreatic cells. Therefore, we studied the impact of pharmacological MALT1 inhibition in pancreatic cancer and showed promising effects on tumor progression. Mepazine (Mep), a phenothiazine derivative, is a known potent MALT1 inhibitor. Newly, we described that biperiden (Bip) is a potent MALT1 inhibitor with even less pharmacological side effects. Thus, Bip is a promising drug leading to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in PDAC cells in vitro and in vivo. By compromising MALT1 activity, nuclear translocation of c-Rel is prevented. c-Rel is critical for NF-κB-dependent inhibition of apoptosis. Hence, off-label use of Bip or Mep represents a promising new therapeutic approach to PDAC treatment. Regularly, the Anticholinergicum Bip is used to treat neurological side effects of Phenothiazines, like extrapyramidal symptoms.
The Gab2-MALT1 axis regulates thromboinflammation and deep vein thrombosis
Blood 2022 Sep 29;140(13):1549-1564.PMID:PMC9523376DOI:10.1182/blood.2022016424.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular mortality. Several studies suggest that DVT occurs at the intersection of dysregulated inflammation and coagulation upon activation of inflammasome and secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in restricted venous flow conditions. Our recent studies showed a signaling adapter protein, Gab2 (Grb2-associated binder 2), plays a crucial role in propagating inflammatory signaling triggered by IL-1β and other inflammatory mediators in endothelial cells. The present study shows that Gab2 facilitates the assembly of the CBM (CARMA3 [CARD recruited membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein 3]-BCL-10 [B-cell lymphoma 10]-MALT1 [mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1]) signalosome, which mediates the activation of Rho and NF-κB in endothelial cells. Gene silencing of Gab2 or MALT1, the effector signaling molecule in the CBM signalosome, or pharmacological inhibition of MALT1 with a specific inhibitor, Mepazine, significantly reduced IL-1β-induced Rho-dependent exocytosis of P-selectin and von Willebrand factor (VWF) and the subsequent adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells. MALT1 inhibition also reduced IL-1β-induced NF-κB-dependent expression of tissue factor and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Consistent with the in vitro data, Gab2 deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of MALT1 suppressed the accumulation of monocytes and neutrophils at the injury site and attenuated venous thrombosis induced by the inferior vena cava ligation-induced stenosis or stasis in mice. Overall, our data reveal a previously unrecognized role of the Gab2-MALT1 axis in thromboinflammation. Targeting the Gab2-MALT1 axis with MALT1 inhibitors may become an effective strategy to treat DVT by suppressing thromboinflammation without inducing bleeding complications.
The role of phenothiazine derivatives in autophagy regulation: A systematic review
J Appl Toxicol 2023 Apr;43(4):474-489.PMID:36165981DOI:10.1002/jat.4397.
In this review, we summarized the current literature on the impact of phenothiazine derivatives on autophagy in vitro. Phenothiazines are antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia, which is related to altered neurotransmission and dysregulation of neuronal autophagy. Thus, phenothiazine derivatives can impact autophagy. We identified 35 papers, where the use of the phenothiazines in the in vitro autophagy assays on normal and cancer cell lines, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish were discussed. Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, Mepazine, methotrimeprazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, promethazine, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, and novel derivatives can modulate autophagy. Stimulation of autophagy by phenothiazines may be either mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent or mTOR-independent. The final effect depends on the used concentration as well as the cell line. A further investigation of the mechanisms of autophagy regulation by phenothiazine derivatives is required to understand the biological actions and to increase the therapeutic potential of this class of drugs.