Indoxyl Sulfate-d5 (potassium salt)
目录号 : GC49290An internal standard for the quantification of indoxyl sulfate
Cas No.:1644451-34-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Indoxyl sulfate-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of indoxyl sulfate by GC- or LC-MS. Indoxyl sulfate is a uremic toxin and a metabolite of tryptophan .1 It is formed via sulfation of indole, an intermediate generated from tryptophan by intestinal bacteria, by the sulfotransferase (SULT) isoform 1A1 variant 2 (SULT1A1*2) in the liver.2,1 Indoxyl sulfate activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in HepG2 40/6 hepatoma cells (EC50 = 12.1 nM in a reporter assay).3 It also inhibits the organic anion transporter (OAT) isoforms OAT1 and OAT3 (Kis = 34.2 and 74.4 µM, respectively for the rat transporters) in S2 proximal tubule cells.4 Indoxyl sulfate (0.2 and 1 mM) increases superoxide anion and nitric oxide levels in isolated human mononuclear blood cells.5 It increases serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the 5/6 nephrectomized rat model of chronic renal failure when administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg.4
1.Niwa, T.Uremic toxicity of indoxyl sulfateNagoya J. Med. Sci.72(1-2)1-11(2010) 2.Banoglu, E., and King, R.S.Sulfation of indoxyl by human and rat aryl (phenol) sulfotransferases to form indoxyl sulfateEur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet.27(2)135-140(2002) 3.Schroeder, J.C., Dinatale, B.C., Murray, I.A., et al.The uremic toxin 3-indoxyl sulfate is a potent endogenous agonist for the human aryl hydrocarbon receptorBiochemistry49(2)393-400(2010) 4.Enomoto, A., Takeda, M., Tojo, A., et al.Role of organic anion transporters in the tubular transport of indoxyl sulfate and the induction of its nephrotoxicityJ. AM. Soc. Nephrol.13(7)1711-1720(2002) 5.Pieniazek, A., Gwozdzinski, L., Hikisz, P., et al.Indoxyl sulfate generates free radicals, decreases antioxidant defense, and leads to damage to mononuclear blood cellsChem. Res. Toxicol.31(9)869-875(2018)
Cas No. | 1644451-34-2 | SDF | |
Canonical SMILES | [O-]S(OC1=C([2H])NC2=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C21)(=O)=O.[K+] | ||
分子式 | C8HD5NO4S·K | 分子量 | 256.3 |
溶解度 | DMSO: slightly soluble,Methanol: slightly soluble | 储存条件 | -20°C |
General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C 储存时,请在 6 个月内使用,-20°C 储存时,请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度,请将管子加热至37℃,然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案:配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸:配备RT,或根据请求配备蓝冰。 |
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.9017 mL | 19.5084 mL | 39.0168 mL |
5 mM | 0.7803 mL | 3.9017 mL | 7.8034 mL |
10 mM | 0.3902 mL | 1.9508 mL | 3.9017 mL |
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给药剂量 | mg/kg | 动物平均体重 | g | 每只动物给药体积 | ul | 动物数量 | 只 | |||
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% DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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工作液浓度: mg/ml;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL,
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL saline,混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的;
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入,进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液,可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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A robust, accurate, sensitive LC-MS/MS method to measure indoxyl sulfate, validated for plasma and kidney cells
Biomed Chromatogr 2022 May;36(5):e5307.PMID:34978088DOI:10.1002/bmc.5307.
Proximal tubular damage is an important prognostic determinant in various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Currently available diagnostic methods do not allow for early disease detection and are neither efficient. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is an endogenous metabolite and protein-bound uremic toxin that is eliminated via renal secretion, but accumulates in plasma during tubular dysfunction. Therefore, it may be suitable as a tubular function marker. To evaluate this, a fast bioanalytical method was developed and validated for IS in various species and a kidney cell line using LC-MS/MS. An isotope-labeled IS potassium salt as an internal standard and acetonitrile (ACN) as a protein precipitant were used for sample pretreatment. The analyte was separated on a Polaris 3 C18-A column by gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid in water and ACN, and detected by negative electrospray ionization in selected reaction monitoring mode. The within-day (≤ 4.0%) and between-day (≤ 4.3%) precisions and accuracies (97.7 to 107.3%) were within the acceptable range. The analyte showed sufficient stability at all conditions investigated. Finally, applying this assay, significantly higher plasma and lower urine concentrations of IS were observed in mice with diabetic nephropathy with tubular damage, which encourages validation toward its use as a biomarker.