Procyanidin A1
(Synonyms: 原花青素 A1; Proanthocyanidin A1) 目录号 : GC36974原花青素 A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) 是一种原花青素二聚体,抑制蛋白激酶 C 激活下游脱粒或 RBL-213 细胞内部储存的 Ca2+ 流入。原花青素 A1 具有抗过敏作用。
Cas No.:103883-03-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) is a procyanidin dimer, which inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+ influx from an internal store in RBL-213 cells. Procyanidin A1 has antiallergic effects[1].
Procyanidin A1 suppress serum IgE and IgG1 levels in mice-immunized with ovalbumin[2].
[1]. Tomochika K, et al. Effects of peanut-skin procyanidin A1 on degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011;75(9):1644-8. [2]. Takano F, et al. Aqueous extract of peanut skin and its main constituent procyanidin A1 suppress serum IgE and IgG1 levels in mice-immunized with ovalbumin. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 May;30(5):922-7.
Cas No. | 103883-03-0 | SDF | |
别名 | 原花青素 A1; Proanthocyanidin A1 | ||
Canonical SMILES | O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C2=CC=C(O)C(O)=C2)OC3=C4C(O[C@]5(C6=CC=C(O)C(O)=C6)OC7=CC(O)=CC(O)=C7[C@@]4([H])[C@H]5O)=CC(O)=C3C1 | ||
分子式 | C30H24O12 | 分子量 | 576.5 |
溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | 4°C, protect from light |
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 1.7346 mL | 8.673 mL | 17.3461 mL |
5 mM | 0.3469 mL | 1.7346 mL | 3.4692 mL |
10 mM | 0.1735 mL | 0.8673 mL | 1.7346 mL |
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Procyanidin A1 alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via regulating AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K-mediated autophagy
J Physiol Biochem 2022 Feb;78(1):213-227.PMID:35001346DOI:10.1007/s13105-021-00854-5.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent chronic inflammatory disease. The symptom of UC is mainly diarrhea including bloody stools. Increasing evidence has suggested that Procyanidin A1 (PCA1) exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in several diseases. However, the role of PCA1 in UC is still a mystery. In our study, we explored the effect of PCA1 in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HT-29 and IEC-6 cells. Then, cell proliferation, apoptosis, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and autophagy-related markers were determined. Furthermore, the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway was assayed by Western blot assay. In in vivo study, we found that PCA1 administration alleviated DSS-induced UC, as evidenced by reducing weight loss, clinical scores, colon weight/length ratio, histological damage, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. Moreover, we showed that the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3II/I ratio was increased, whereas the level of p62 was decreased after PCA1 treatment in vivo. Meanwhile, the reduced AMP/ATP ratio, enhanced expression of p-AMPK, and decreased p-p70S6K and p-mTOR levels indicate the activation of AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. In in vitro study, PCA1 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in LPS-stimulated HT-29 and IEC-6 cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and autophagy-related factors exhibited the same trend as in in vivo results. Mechanically, PCA1 activated the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. The treatment with an AMPK inhibitor compound C significantly reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of PCA1 in LPS-stimulated cells. Taken together, these data indicated that PCA1 alleviated UC through induction of AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K-mediated autophagy.
Procyanidin A1 Alleviates Inflammatory Response induced by LPS through NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways in RAW264.7 cells
Sci Rep 2019 Oct 21;9(1):15087.PMID:31636354DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-51614-x.
Inflammation is a complex physiological process that poses a serious threat to people's health. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of inflammation are still not clear. Moreover, there is lack of effective anti-inflammatory drugs that meet the clinical requirement. Procyanidin A1 (PCA1) is a monomer component isolated from Procyanidin and shows various pharmacological activities. This study further demonstrated the regulatory role of PCA1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. Our data showed that PCA1 dramatically attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells administrated with LPS. PCA1 blocked IκB-α degradation, inhibited IKKα/β and IκBα phosphorylation, and suppressed nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. PCA1 also suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, p38, and ERK1/2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, PCA1 increased the expression of HO-1, reduced the expression of Keap1, and promoted Nrf2 into the nuclear in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Cellular thermal shift assay indicated that PCA1 bond to TLR4. Meanwhile, PCA1 inhibited the production of intracellular ROS and alleviated the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro. Collectively, our data indicated that PCA1 exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that it is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Effects of peanut-skin Procyanidin A1 on degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011;75(9):1644-8.PMID:21897038DOI:10.1271/bbb.110085.
Peanut skin contains large amounts of polyphenols having antiallergic effects. We found that a peanut-skin extract (PSE) inhibits the degranulation induced by antigen stimulation of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. A low-molecular-weight fraction from PSE, PSEL, also had inhibitory activity against allergic degranulation. A main polyphenol in PSEL was purified by gel chromatography and fractionated by YMC-gel ODS-AQ 120S50 column. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of the purified polyphenol gave m/z 599 [M+Na]⁺. Based on the results of ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR spectra, and optical rotation analysis, the polyphenol was identified as Procyanidin A1. It inhibited the degranulation caused by antigen stimulation at the IC₅₀ of 20.3 µM. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and 2,5,-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (DTBHQ)-induced processes of degranulation were also inhibited by Procyanidin A1. These results indicate that peanut-skin Procyanidin A1 inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca²⁺ influx from an internal store in RBL-2H3 cells.
Peanut-skin polyphenols, Procyanidin A1 and epicatechin-(4 β → 6)-epicatechin-(2 β → O → 7, 4 β → 8)-catechin, exert cholesterol micelle-degrading activity in vitro
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013;77(6):1306-9.PMID:23748765DOI:10.1271/bbb.121023.
We identified epicatechin-(4 β → 6)-epicatechin-(2 β → O → 7, 4 β → 8)-catechin (EEC) in the skin of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). EEC (a trimer) showed more potent cholesterol micelle-degrading activity than Procyanidin A1 (a dimer) did in vitro. The hypercholesterolemia suppressing effect of a peanut skin polyphenol on rats fed high-cholesterol diet in our preceding experiments might thus have been due primarily to a micelle degrading effect in the intestine.
Identification and bioactivity evaluation of flavan-3-ols in the milk of dairy sheep fed Cynomorium songaricum
J Dairy Sci 2022 Jun;105(6):4783-4790.PMID:35450713DOI:10.3168/jds.2021-21728.
Cynomorium songaricum is a traditional medicine and also a food material that is eaten raw or processed as tea or beverages. As a featured plant in semi-desert grasslands, C. songaricum is also eaten by the cattle and sheep in the area. This research study fed dairy sheep C. songaricum to determine the flavan-3-ols in sheep milk. Catechin (Cat), epicatechin (Epi), Procyanidin A1 (A1), procyanidin A2 (A2), and procyanidin B1 (B1) were detected in sheep milk with the concentration being Epi > A2 > Cat > B1 > A1 at 24 h after the administration of C. songaricum. Neither A1 nor A2 were detected in the methanol extract of C. songaricum. Cysteine degradation of the plant revealed that in addition to Epi, A2 was the extending unit of the polymeric flavan-3-ols in C. songaricum, indicating that A2 is released digestively from the polymers and enters the milk. Procyanidin B-1 was converted to A1 on incubation in raw but not heated milk, indicating that the A1 in milk is the enzymatically transformed product of B1. Accelerated oxidation showed that the flavan-3-ols, B1, Cat, and Epi significantly protects the unsaturated triacyglycerols in the milk from oxidation. The flavan-3-ol could slow down the oxidation of glutathione and the latter may play an important role in preventing the milk triglycerides from oxidation. Flavan-3-ols are polyphenols with many health benefits. The present research revealed the antioxidant activities of flavan-3-ols that could be absorbed to sheep milk, adding new evidences for the values of these flavan-3-ols and for the milk.