Ectoine
(Synonyms: 依克多因；四氢甲基嘧啶羧酸) 目录号 : GC39290
Ectoine是一种由生活在极其恶劣环境下细菌产生的，通过渗透调节发挥细胞保护作用的环状氨基酸衍生物。
Cas No.:96702-03-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Ectoine is a cyclic amino acid derivative produced by bacteria living in extreme environments, which exerts cytoprotective effects through osmoregulation[1]. By binding to water molecules, ectoine forms a stable protective hydration shell around cellular components, safeguarding cell structures from damage caused by environmental factors and helping maintain the natural folding state of proteins[2]. Ectoine has been widely used in high-end skincare products, anti-allergic agents, and neuroprotection-related fields due to the compound's favorable safety profile and ability to repair cellular barriers[3,4].
In vitro, pretreatment of human red blood cells with ectoine (0-5%) for 1h protected the cells from damage induced by SDS treatment, with higher concentrations of ectoine providing stronger membrane protection[5]. When co-incubated with 25μM amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) for 72h, ectoine (25μM-100mM) concentration-dependently reduced Thioflavin T (ThT)-induced fluorescence, indicating fewer cross-β-sheet structures. Notably, 100mM ectoine significantly inhibited Aβ42 fibril aggregation[6]. Pretreatment of human neutrophils with 1mM ectoine for 2h, followed by co-incubation with inflammatory mediators such as 300nM leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 33μg/mL carbon nanoparticles (CNP) for 16h, significantly restored neutrophil apoptosis rates that were suppressed by these stimuli[7].
In vivo, topical administration of ectoine (0.5-2.0%; 5μL/eye; 4 times daily) in a dry eye model in C57BL/6 mice for 5 days improved corneal smoothness in a concentration-dependent manner. Both 1.0% and 2.0% ectoine restored corneal smoothness to near or complete normality[8]. A single co-administration of ectoine (1mM) with CNP (2.5mg/kg) into the lungs of Fisher 344 rats significantly reduced neutrophil counts and cinc-1 levels from 48 to 168h, demonstrating notable and sustained anti-inflammatory effects[7].
References:
[1] WANG K, CUI B, WANG Y, et al. Microbial production of ectoine: a review[J]. ACS Synthetic Biology, 2025, 14(2): 332-342.
[2] NG H S, WAN P K, KONDO A, et al. Production and recovery of ectoine: A review of current state and future prospects[J]. Processes, 2023, 11(2): 339.
[3] KAUTH M, TRUSOVA O V. Topical ectoine application in children and adults to treat inflammatory diseases associated with an impaired skin barrier: a systematic review[J]. Dermatology and Therapy, 2022, 12(2): 295-313.
[4] BUJAK T, ZAGÓRSKA-DZIOK M, NIZIOŁ-ŁUKASZEWSKA Z. Complexes of ectoine with the anionic surfactants as active ingredients of cleansing cosmetics with reduced irritating potential[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(6): 1433.
[5] GRAF R, ANZALI S, BUENGER J, et al. The multifunctional role of ectoine as a natural cell protectant[J]. Clinics in Dermatology, 2008, 26(4): 326-333.
[6] KANAPATHIPILLAI M, LENTZEN G, SIERKS M, et al. Ectoine and hydroxyectoine inhibit aggregation and neurotoxicity of Alzheimer’s β-amyloid[J]. FEBS Letters, 2005, 579(21): 4775-4780.
[7] SYDLIK U, PEUSCHEL H, PAUNEL-GÖRGÜLÜ A, et al. Recovery of neutrophil apoptosis by ectoine: a new strategy against lung inflammation[J]. European Respiratory Journal, 2013, 41(2): 433-442.
[8] CHEN X, LIN N, LI J M, et al. Ectoine, from a natural bacteria protectant to a new treatment of dry eye disease[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2024, 16(2): 236.
Ectoine是一种由生活在极其恶劣环境下细菌产生的，通过渗透调节发挥细胞保护作用的环状氨基酸衍生物[1]。Ectoine与水分子结合，在细胞成分周围形成一层稳定的保护性水合膜，可保护细胞结构免受环境因素造成的损伤，并有助于维持蛋白质的天然折叠状态[2]。因ectoine具有良好的安全性和细胞屏障修复功能，已广泛应用于高端护肤品、抗过敏制剂及神经保护等相关领域[3,4]。
在体外，ectoine（0-5%）预处理人类红细胞1h，可保护细胞免受SDS处理造成的损伤，且ectoine浓度越高，对膜损伤的保护作用越强[5]。Ectoine（25μM-100mM）与25μM的β-淀粉样蛋白肽Aβ42共孵育72h，浓度依赖性地减少了Thioflavin T (ThT)诱导的荧光信号，表明样品中形成的交叉β折叠较少，且100mM Ectoine显著抑制了Aβ42的纤维聚集[6]。Ectoine（1mM）预处理人中性粒细胞2h，后与300nM Leukotriene B4 (LTB4)和33μg/mL的carbon nanoparticle (CNP)等炎性介质共孵育16h，显著恢复了由这些炎症刺激物抑制的中性粒细胞凋亡率[7]。
在体内，ectoine（0.5-2.0%; 5μL/eye; 4 times daily）通过滴注局部给药经干眼处理的C57BL/6小鼠，5天后以浓度依赖性方式改善了小鼠角膜光滑度，1.0%和2.0%的ectoine显著使角膜光滑度恢复到接近或完全正常状态[8]。Ectoine（1mM）与CNP（2.5mg/kg）一次性注射入Fisher 344大鼠肺部，在48h到168h期间显著降低了中性粒细胞数量和cinc-1浓度，表明显著且持久的抗炎效果[7]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Human erythrocytes |
Preparation Method | Human erythrocytes (2 × 108cells/mL) are treated for 1h with 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 5% ectoine. Then cells are stressed for 10min with 0% to 0.04% SDS solution, and the number of cells in lysis is determined spectroscopically via the content of free hemoglobin. |
Reaction Conditions | 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 5%; 1h |
Applications | Etoine protects the cells from damage caused by SDS treatment. The erythrocytes pretreated with ectoine are shown to be more resistant to membrane damage by SDS than those of untreated cells. No stabilizing effect was observed in cells without ectoine, in which maximum erythrocyte damage occurred (0% increase of membrane stability). The higher the ectoine concentration, the greater the protective effect against membrane damage. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Dry eye model (C57BL/6 mice) |
Preparation Method | An experimental dry eye model was induced via desiccating stress (DS) in female C57BL/6 mice (DS mice). The DS mice were treated with topical administration via instillation of 5µL/eye of ectoine in PBS at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%), 4 times daily during exposure to desiccation for 5 days. On day 5, clinical signs of dry eye and corneal damage were assessed via a stereo microscopy and Oregon Green dextran fluorescein staining. |
Dosage form | 0.5, 1.0, 2.0%; 5µL/eye; 4 times daily; topical administration via instillation |
Applications | Topical administration of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% of ectoine in DS mice improved corneal smoothness in a concentration-dependent manner, and ectoine at 1.0 and 2.0% significantly restored the corneal smoothness to near or completely normal condition, with a corneal smoothness score of 1.80 ± 0.92 and 1.20 ± 1.03, respectively. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 96702-03-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 依克多因；四氢甲基嘧啶羧酸 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C([C@H]1NC(C)=NCC1)O | ||
| 分子式 | C6H10N2O2 | 分子量 | 142.16 |
| 溶解度 | Water : 250 mg/mL (1758.58 mM) | 储存条件 | 4°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
 |
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 7.0343 mL | 35.1716 mL | 70.3433 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.4069 mL | 7.0343 mL | 14.0687 mL |
| 10 mM | 703.4 μL | 3.5172 mL | 7.0343 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet