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Butyryl-L-carnitine-d3 (chloride) Sale

(Synonyms: 丁酰基-L-肉碱-d3 (盐酸盐)) 目录号 : GC46972

An internal standard for the quantification of butyryl-L-carnitine

Butyryl-L-carnitine-d3 (chloride) Chemical Structure

Cas No.:1334532-21-6

规格 价格 库存 购买数量
500 μg
¥406.00
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1 mg
¥774.00
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5 mg
¥3,245.00
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Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.

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产品描述

Butyryl-L-carnitine-d3 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of butyryl-L-carnitine by GC- or LC-MS. Butyryl-L-carnitine is a butyrate ester of carnitine.1 It is an inhibitor of intestinal transporters, blocking carnitine uptake by the carnitine transporter and glycine transport by the amino acid transporter in human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells (IC50s = 1.5 µM and 4.6 mM, respectively).

1.Srinivas, S.R., Prasad, P.D., Umapathy, N.S., et al.Transport of butyryl-L-carnitine, a potential prodrug, via the carnitine transporter OCTN2 and the amino acid transporter ATB0,+Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.293(5)G1046-G1053(2007)

Chemical Properties

Cas No. 1334532-21-6 SDF
别名 丁酰基-L-肉碱-d3 (盐酸盐)
Canonical SMILES OC(C[C@@H](OC(CCC)=O)C[N+](C)(C)C([2H])([2H])[2H])=O.[Cl-]
分子式 C11H19D3NO4.Cl 分子量 270.8
溶解度 DMF: 20 mg/ml,DMSO: 10 mg/ml,Ethanol: 20 mg/ml 储存条件 Store at -20°C
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储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C 储存时,请在 6 个月内使用,-20°C 储存时,请在 1 个月内使用。
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溶解性数据

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1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.6928 mL 18.4638 mL 36.9276 mL
5 mM 0.7386 mL 3.6928 mL 7.3855 mL
10 mM 0.3693 mL 1.8464 mL 3.6928 mL
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Research Update

A Quick Reference on chloride

Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2017 Mar;47(2):219-222.PMID:28007306DOI:10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.008.

chloride is an essential element, playing important roles in digestion, muscular activity, regulation of body fluids, and acid-base balance. As the most abundant anion in extracellular fluid, chloride plays a major role in maintaining electroneutrality. chloride is intrinsically linked to sodium in maintaining osmolality and fluid balance and has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate in maintaining acid-base balance. It is likely because of these close ties that chloride does not get the individual attention it deserves; we can use these facts to simplify and interpret changes in serum chloride concentrations.

Development and biological applications of chloride-sensitive fluorescent indicators

Am J Physiol 1990 Sep;259(3 Pt 1):C375-88.PMID:2205105DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.3.C375.

chloride movement across cell plasma and internal membranes, is of central importance for regulation of cell volume and pH, vectorial salt movement in epithelia, and, probably, intracellular traffic. Quinolinium-based chloride-sensitive fluorescent indicators provide a new approach to study chloride transport mechanisms and regulation that is complementary to 36Cl tracer methods, intracellular microelectrodes, and patch clamp. Indicator fluorescence is quenched by chloride by a collisional mechanism with Stern-Volmer constants of up to 220 M-1. Fluorescence is quenched selectively by chloride in physiological systems and responds to changes in chloride concentration in under 1 ms. The indicators are nontoxic and can be loaded into living cells for continuous measurement of intracellular chloride concentration by single-cell fluorescence microscopy. In this review, the structure-activity relationships for chloride-sensitive fluorescent indicators are described. Methodology for measurement of chloride transport in isolated vesicle and liposome systems and in intact cells is evaluated critically by use of examples from epithelial cell physiology. Future directions for synthesis of tailored chloride-sensitive indicators and new applications of indicators for studies of transport regulation and intracellular ion gradients are proposed.

chloride toxicity in critically ill patients: What's the evidence?

Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2017 Apr;36(2):125-130.PMID:27476827DOI:10.1016/j.accpm.2016.03.008.

Crystalloids have become the fluid of choice in critically ill patients and in the operating room both for fluid resuscitation and fluid maintenance. Among crystalloids, NaCl 0.9% has been the most widely used fluid. However, emerging evidence suggests that administration of 0.9% saline could be harmful mainly through high chloride content and that the use of fluid with low chloride content may be preferable in major surgery and intensive care patients. Administration of NaCl 0.9% is the leading cause of metabolic hyperchloraemic acidosis in critically ill patients and side effects might target coagulation, renal function, and ultimately increase mortality. More balanced solutions therefore may be used especially when large amount of fluids are administered in high-risk patients. In this review, we discuss physiological background favouring the use of balanced solutions as well as the most recent clinical data regarding the use of crystalloid solutions in critically ill patients and patients undergoing major surgery.

Salt reduction in vegetable fermentation: reality or desire?

J Food Sci 2013 Aug;78(8):R1095-100.PMID:23772964DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.12170.

NaCl is a widely used chemical in food processing which affects sensory characteristics and safety; in fact, its presence is frequently essential for the proper preservation of the products. Because the intake of high contents of sodium is linked to adverse effects on human health, consumers demand foods with low-sodium content. A 1st step to reduce the use of salt would imply the proper application of this compound, reducing its levels to those technologically necessary. In addition, different chloride salts have been evaluated as replacers for NaCl, but KCl, CaCl2 , and ZnCl2 show the most promising perspectives of use. However, prior to any food reformulation, there is a need for exhaustive research before its application at industrial level. Salt reduction may lead to an increased risk in the survival/ growth of pathogens and may also alter food flavor and cause economic losses. This review deals with the technological, microbiological, sensorial, and health aspects of the potential low-salt and salt-substituted vegetable products and how this important segment of the food industry is responding to consumer demand.

CMBEAR: Python-Based Recharge Estimator Using the chloride Mass Balance Method in Australia

Ground Water 2022 May;60(3):418-425.PMID:34919277DOI:10.1111/gwat.13161.

The chloride mass balance (CMB) method is widely used to estimate long-term rates of groundwater recharge. In regions where surface water runoff is negligible, recharge can be estimated using measurements of chloride concentrations of groundwater and precipitation, and an estimate of long-term average rainfall. This paper presents the chloride Mass Balance Estimator of Australian Recharge (CMBEAR), a Jupyter (Python) Notebook that is set up to rapidly apply the CMB method using gridded maps of chloride deposition rates across the Australian continent. For an Australian context, the chloride deposition rate and rainfall maps have been provided. Thus, CMBEAR requires only a spreadsheet with the groundwater chloride concentration, the latitude and longitude of the sample location, and some simple user inputs. CMBEAR may be easily applied in other regions, providing that a gridded chloride deposition map is available. Recharge estimates from CMBEAR are compared against published applications of the CMB method. CMBEAR is also applied to a large dataset from the Northern Territory and is used to produce a gridded map of recharge for western Victoria. CMBEAR provides a reproducible and straightforward approach to apply the CMB method to estimate groundwater recharge.