Home>>Signaling Pathways>> Endocrinology and Hormones>> Opioid Receptor>>Valorphin

Valorphin Sale

目录号 : GC31126

Valorphin是一种内源性血红蛋白β链第33-39位氨基酸残基,具有阿片类药品镇痛活性,可以与mu-阿片(mu-opioid)受体结合,IC50值为14nM;Valorphin同时具有抗肿瘤活性。

Valorphin Chemical Structure

Cas No.:144313-54-2

规格 价格 库存 购买数量
5mg
¥1,071.00
现货
10mg
¥1,517.00
现货
25mg
¥3,035.00
现货

电话:400-920-5774 Email: sales@glpbio.cn

Customer Reviews

Based on customer reviews.

Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.

产品文档

Quality Control & SDS

View current batch:

实验参考方法

Cell experiment:

In all series, the cells are incubated for 48 hours beginning with the hour 0. All substances are dissolved in FBS-supplied RPMI-1640 medium. Negative control cells are incubated in the absence of test substances. The reference samples are incubated with epirubicin or Valorphin in the concentrations equivalent to those applied in the experimental seria and for the corresponding time intervals. The effect is evaluated by staining with MTT dye[2].

Animal experiment:

Mice[2]In the basic experiment, 49 mice are randomized in 4 groups: two groups (12 animals each) corresponding to the negative control, the reference group (13 animals) and the experimental group (12 animals). The control and the reference group are treated as in preliminary experiment, the experimental group are injected with the mixture of Valorphin (1 mg/kg) and epirubicin (25 mg/m2), dissolved in 0.9% NaCl solution in distilled water. Three injections (volume 0.2 mL) are made with 6-day intervals. Since no reliable difference in tumor size or lifespan of animals in the two negative control groups are observed, the data obtained in these groups are pooled. At day 20 after the first injection, the size of the tumors are determined. Tumor volumes are calculated, inhibition of tumor growth is determined. Percentages of survival are determined for 1-26 days of treatment. The observation is quitted after the total death of the animals in the negative control group[2].

References:

[1]. Maurer R, et al. Valorphin: a novel chemical structure with opioid activity. Neuropeptides. 1985 Feb;5(4-6):387-90.
[2]. Blishchenko EY, et al. Antitumor effect of valorphin in vitro and in vivo: combined action with cytostatic drugs. Cancer Biol Ther. 2005 Jan;4(1):118-24.

产品描述

Valorphin is an endogenous hemoglobin β-chain (33-39) fragment with opioid analgesic activity, binds to rat mu-opioid receptor, with an IC50 of 14 nM; Valorphin also shows anti-tumor activity.

Valorphin is a derivative of dihydrovaltrate with opioid analgesic activity, binds to rat mu-opioid receptor, with an IC50 of 14 nM. Valorphin has low affinity for δ-opioid receptor (IC50, 200 nM) and shows no affinity for κ receptor (IC50, >10 μM). Valorphin (>10 μM) decreases spontaneous firing rate of cerebellar rat Purkinje cells[1]. Valorphin (1 μM) treatment 48 h prior to 0.1 μM epirubicin, or 0.1 μM vincristine, or 0.05 μM vincristine, causes 100% tumor cell death[2].

Valorphin exhibits pronounced analgesic activity in mice, rats and rhesus monkeys via s.c, with ED50s of ≤5.2 mg/kg, but barely active after oral administration[1]. Valorphin (1 mg/kg) causes 42% of tumor growth inhibition in female BLRB mice bearing syngeneic mammary carcinoma cells[2].

[1]. Maurer R, et al. Valorphin: a novel chemical structure with opioid activity. Neuropeptides. 1985 Feb;5(4-6):387-90. [2]. Blishchenko EY, et al. Antitumor effect of valorphin in vitro and in vivo: combined action with cytostatic drugs. Cancer Biol Ther. 2005 Jan;4(1):118-24.

Chemical Properties

Cas No. 144313-54-2 SDF
Canonical SMILES Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln
分子式 C44H61N9O11 分子量 892.01
溶解度 50 mg/mL in DMSO 储存条件 Store at -20°C
General tips 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C 储存时,请在 6 个月内使用,-20°C 储存时,请在 1 个月内使用。
为了提高溶解度,请将管子加热至37℃,然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。
Shipping Condition 评估样品解决方案:配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸:配备RT,或根据请求配备蓝冰。

溶解性数据

制备储备液
1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.1211 mL 5.6053 mL 11.2106 mL
5 mM 0.2242 mL 1.1211 mL 2.2421 mL
10 mM 0.1121 mL 0.5605 mL 1.1211 mL
  • 摩尔浓度计算器

  • 稀释计算器

  • 分子量计算器

质量
=
浓度
x
体积
x
分子量
 
 
 
*在配置溶液时,请务必参考产品标签上、MSDS / COA(可在Glpbio的产品页面获得)批次特异的分子量使用本工具。

计算

动物体内配方计算器 (澄清溶液)

第一步:请输入基本实验信息(考虑到实验过程中的损耗,建议多配一只动物的药量)
给药剂量 mg/kg 动物平均体重 g 每只动物给药体积 ul 动物数量
第二步:请输入动物体内配方组成(配方适用于不溶于水的药物;不同批次药物配方比例不同,请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方)
% DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline
计算重置

Research Update

Antiproliferative action of valorphin in cell cultures

The antiproliferative effects of the haemoglobin beta-chain fragment (33-39) (valorphin or VV-haemorphin-5) were studied in a panel of tumour cell lines and normal cells of different origin, using various methods of activity determination (trypan blue inclusion test, sulphorhodamine B staining, MTT staining, flow cytometry and clonogenic test). Valorphin suppressed the proliferation of tumour cells by 25%-95%, depending on the cell line. The maximal valorphin activity was detected in transformed cells of fibroblastic (L929) and epithelial (MCF-7) origin, transformed haematopoietic cells (K562, HL-60) being less sensitive. In normal cells, valorphin activity was several fold lower (10%-15%). A study of the dynamics of cell proliferation in L929 cells using a visual cell count and flow cytometry showed that valorphin induced reversible and relatively short (24 h) S-phase arrest of cell proliferation, accompanied by a reversible increase of cell size. The proliferation delay was followed by a comparatively long period of reversible resistance of the cells to the peptide (96 h) when the cells are dividing at normal rate. The same dynamics were demonstrated for A549, MCF-7 and primary murine breast carcinoma cells. On the basis of the data obtained, a pattern of regulation of cell growth by valorphin is suggested.

Antitumor effect of valorphin in vitro and in vivo: combined action with cytostatic drugs

The action of the cytostatic drugs (epirubicin and vincristine) in combination with the endogenous antiproliferative beta-hemoglobin fragment (33-39), valorphin, was studied in tumor (L929 and A549) cell cultures, primary culture of murine bone marrow cells and in murine model of breast carcinoma in vivo. Simultaneous application of 1 microM valorphin and 1 microM epirubicin, in vitro, did not result in an additive suppressive effect on cell culture growth. Additive effects were achieved with alternating applications of the peptide and the drugs, namely, 0.5 microM (but not 1 microM) epirubicin added 24 h prior to 1 microM valorphin; 1 microM valorphin added 48 h prior to 0.1 microM epirubicin, or 0.1 microM vincristine, or 0.05 microM vincristine, which resulted in 100% cell death in the both series with vincristine and up to 78% cell biomass reduction in the experiments with epirubicin. In the in vivo model (female BLRB mice with subcutaneously inoculated syngeneic mammary carcinoma), simultaneous treatment with 25 mg/m(2) epirubicin and 1 mg/kg valorphin resulted in 42% of tumor growth inhibition, as compared with the negative control group and 22% inhibition as compared with the epirubcin-treated group (at 20th day of treatment). Survival was significantly improved (69% compared to 39% in the group treated with epirubicin only) at day 26 after the treatment beginning.

Interaction of new VV-hemorphin-5 analogues with cell membrane models

New analogues of the endogenous heptapeptide VV-hemorphin-5 (valorphin) synthesised by amino acid replacement allow for tailoring the peptide activity in vivo. Investigation of hemorphin-induced alterations of lipid bilayers' physicochemical parameters unravels membrane-mediated mechanisms of interaction with cells and subcellular structures. We studied the effect of modified valorphins with nociceptive activity on the structure, mechanical and electrical properties of lipid membrane models. Lower bending rigidity and higher specific capacitance of phosphatidylcholine bilayers were found in the presence of VV-hemorphin-5 analogues. Peptide partition constants for the transfer from the aqueous solution into the membrane were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. It was found that the inclusion of non-proteinogenic acids with different number of methylene groups lead to alterations of hemorphin-membrane binding. The highest membrane affinity was obtained for a hemorphin derivative with dose-dependent variable effects on visceral nociception in mice. The valorphin analogue with the most pronounced anti-nociceptive effect in vivo induced the highest dipole and zeta potential change without significantly affecting the lipid packing at glycerol level in phosphatidylcholine bilayers.

Valorphin: a novel chemical structure with opioid activity

Valorphin is a semisynthetic derivative of dihydrovaltrate with opioid analgesic activity. In vitro binding studies using brain homogenates from rat and guinea-pig indicate a preference for the mu-receptor site. Bath application to cultured cerebellar Purkinje cells inhibited the spontaneous firing, similar to the effect seen with morphine. Analgesic activity has been demonstrated in the hot plate and the tail flick test in the mouse and the Randall-Selitto test in the rat. In the rhesus monkey valorphin was self-administered, but naloxone challenge induced only mild withdrawal signs. Valorphin is a novel chemical entity, structurally not related to known opioids, which interacts preferentially with opiate mu-receptors.

Neuropeptides, substrates and inhibitors of human dipeptidyl peptidase III, experimental and computational study - A new substrate identified

Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is a cytosolic, two-domain zinc-exopeptidase. It is widely distributed in mammalian tissues, where it's involved in the final steps of normal intracellular protein degradation. However, its pronounced affinity for some bioactive peptides (angiotensins, enkephalins, and endomorphins) suggests more specific functions such as blood pressure regulation and involvement in pain regulation. We have investigated several different neuropeptides as potential substrates and inhibitors of human DPP III. The binding affinities and kinetic data determined by isothermal titration calorimetry, in combination with measurements of enzyme inhibition identified the hemorphin-related valorphin, tynorphin, S-tynorphin, and I-tynorphin as the most potent inhibitors of DPP III (actually slow substrates), whereas hemorphin-4 proved to be the best substrate of all neuropeptides examined. In addition, we have shown that the neuropeptides valorphin, Leu-valorphin-Arg, and the opioid peptide β-casomorphin, are DPP III substrates. The molecular modelling of selected peptides shows uniform binding to the lower domain β-strand residues of DPP III via peptide backbone atoms, but also previously unrecognized stabilizing interactions with conserved residues of the metal-binding site and catalytic machinery in the upper domain. The computational data helped explain the differences between substrates that are hydrolyzed effectively and those hydrolysed slowly by DPP III.