Diazinon (Dimpylate)
(Synonyms: 二嗪磷; Dimpylate) 目录号 : GC32286
An organophosphorous insecticide
Cas No.:333-41-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Diazinon is a broad-spectrum insecticide that is active against approximately 120 species of insects and pests.1 It is metabolized into the cholinesterase inhibitors monothionotetraethyl pyrophosphate, dithionotetraethyl pyrophosphate, and triethylthionophosphate in vivo, which induce vomiting, fasciculation with muscular twitching, paralysis, and death (LD50 = 125 mg/kg) in rats. Diazinon induces formation of capsular adhesion in the kidneys and ulcer formation in the duodenum of dogs as well as mucosal erosion and serosal seepage in the intestines of mini pigs. Formulations containing diazinon were previously used as agricultural pesticides.
1.Earl, F.L., Melveger, B.E., Reinwall, J.E., et al.Diazinon toxicity-comparative studies in dogs and miniature swineToxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.18(2)285-295(1971)
| Cas No. | 333-41-5 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 二嗪磷; Dimpylate | ||
| Canonical SMILES | S=P(OCC)(OCC)OC1=NC(C(C)C)=NC(C)=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C12H21N2O3PS | 分子量 | 304.35 |
| 溶解度 | Chloroform: Slightly Soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.2857 mL | 16.4285 mL | 32.8569 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6571 mL | 3.2857 mL | 6.5714 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3286 mL | 1.6428 mL | 3.2857 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Diazinon reduction in food products: a comprehensive review of conventional and emerging processing methods
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022 Jun;29(27):40342-40357.PMID:35322357DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-19294-9.
Diazinon is known as one of the most commonly used organophosphorus pesticides which influence different pests through inactivating acetyl choline esterase enzymes. Despite Diazinon applications, its toxicity to human health could result in a worldwide concern about its occurrence in foodstuffs. Malfunction of brain is considered as the main disorders induced by long time exposure to Diazinon. Due to the degradation of Diazinon in high temperatures and its susceptibility to oxidation as well as acidic and basic conditions, it could be degraded through several physical (9-94%) and chemical (19.3-100%) food processing procedures (both household and industrial methods). However, each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. Normally, the combination of these methods is more efficient in Diazinon reduction. To this end, it is important to apply an effective method for Diazinon reduction in the food products without affecting food quality or treating human health. It could be noticed that bioremediation by microorganisms such as probiotics could be a promising new method for Diazinon's reduction in several food products.
Diazinon-chemistry and environmental fate: a California perspective
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2013;223:107-40.PMID:23149814DOI:10.1007/978-1-4614-5577-6_5.
Diazinon, first introduced in USA in 1956, is a broad-spectrum contact organophosphate pesticide that has been used as an insecticide, and nematicide. It has been ond of the most widely used insecticides in the USA for household and agricultural pest control. In 2004, residential use of Diazinon was discontinued; as a result, the total amount applied has drastically decreased. [corrected]. Consequently, the amounts of Diazinon applied have been drastically decreased. For example, in California, the amount of Diazinon applied decreased from 501,784 kg in 2000 to 64,122 kg in 2010. Diazinon has a K(oc) value of 40-432 and is considered to be moderately mobile in soils. Diazinon residues have been detected in groundwater, drinking water wells, monitoring wells, and agricultural well. The highest detection frequencies and highest percentages of exceedance of the water quality criterion value of 0.1 渭g/L have been reported from the top five agricultural counties n California that had the highest Diazinon use. Diazinon is transported in air via atmospheric processes such as direct air movement and wet deposition in snow and rain, although concentrations decrease with distance and evaluation from the source. In the environment, Diazinon undergoes degradation by several processes, the most important of which is microbial degradation in soils. The rate of Diazinon degradation is affected by pH, soil type, organic amendments, soil moisture, and the concentration of Diazinon in the soil, with soil pH being a major influencing factor in Diazinon degradation rate. Studies indicate tha soil organic matter is the most important factor that influences Diazinon sorption by soils, although clay content and soil ph also play an important role in Diazinon sorption. Diazinon is very highly to moderately toxic aquatic arganisms, Diazinon inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and leads to a suite of intermediate syndromes including anorexia, diarrhea, generalized weakness, muscle tremors, abnormal posturing and behavior, depression, and health. Differences in metabolism among species and exposure concentrations play a vital role in Diazinon's bioaccumulation among different aquatic organisms in a wide range of accumulating rates and efficiencies.
Destructive adsorption of Diazinon pesticide by activated carbon nanofibers containing Al2O3 and MgO nanoparticles
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2013 Oct;91(4):475-80.PMID:23912227DOI:10.1007/s00128-013-1064-x.
We report the destructive adsorption of Diazinon pesticide by porous webs of activated carbon nanofibers containing Al2O3 and MgO nanoparticles. The results show that, the presence of Al2O3 and MgO nanoparticles in the activated carbon nanofibers increases the amount of destructively adsorbed Diazinon pesticide by activated carbon nanofibers. Moreover, type, amount, and specific surface area of metal oxide nanoparticles affect the adsorption rate as well as the total destructively adsorbed Diazinon. Liquid chromatography proved the degradation of Diazinon by chemical reaction with Al2O3 and MgO nanoparticles. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the main product of reaction between Diazinon and the metal oxides is 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol with less toxicity than Diazinon.
Mycodegradation of Diazinon pesticide utilizing fungal strains isolated from polluted soil
Environ Res 2022 Sep;212(Pt C):113421.PMID:35568233DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113421.
The current study aimed to isolate biodegradable soil fungi capable of metabolizing Diazinon. The collected soil samples were investigated for Diazinon pollution to detect the pesticide level in the polluted soil samples. Food poisoning techniques were utilized to preliminary investigate the biodegradation efficiency of the isolated fungal strains to Diazinon pesticide using solid and liquid medium and also to detect their tolerance to different concentrations. GC-MS analysis of control and treated flasks were achieved to determine the Diazinon residues for confirmation of the biodegradation efficiency. The total Diazinon residues in the collected soil samples was found to be 0.106 mg/kg. Out of thirteen fungal strains isolated form Diazinon polluted soils, six strains were potentially active in Diazinon biodegradation. Food poisoning technique showed that A. niger, B. antennata, F. graminearum, P. digitatum, R. stolonifer and T. viride strains recorded fungal growth diameters of 65.2 卤 0.18, 57.5 卤 0.41, 47.2 卤 0.36, 56.5 卤 0.27, 85.0 卤 0.01, 85.0 卤 0.06 mm respectively in the treated group which were non significantly different compared to that of control (P > 0.05), indicating the high efficiency of these strains in Diazinon degradation compared to the other isolated strains. GC-MS analysis revealed that B. antennata was the most efficient strain in Diazinon degradation recording 32.24 卤 0.15 ppm concentration after 10 days incubation. Linear regression analysis confirmed that B. antennata was the most effective biodegradable strain recording the highest Diazinon dissipation (83.88%) with the lowest T1/2 value of 5.96 days while T. viride, A. niger, R. stolonifer and F. graminearum exhibited a high biodegradable activities reducing Diazinon to 80.26%, 78.22%, 77.36% and 75.43% respectively after 10 days incubation. In conclusion, these tolerant fungi could be considered as promising, eco-friendly and biodegradable fungi for the efficient and potential removal of hazardous Diazinon from polluted soil.
Fate and effects of Diazinon
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2000;166:49-82.PMID:10868076doi
Diazinon use has significantly increased since its introduction more than four decades ago. Thus, today we are faced with environmental and health consequences that are largely inseparable from the insecticide's benefits. Fortunately, the research to date is of immeasurable value in making sound scientific and policy decisions regarding Diazinon use. Overall, research shows that Diazinon is globally widespread, having distributed to all environmental media. Residential uses, and its ubiquity under many farming practices, contribute to extensive non-point-source pollution. In general, Diazinon is degraded fairly rapidly in natural settings, although results have been variable and some degradation products are at least as toxic as the parent compound. Diazinon exhibits high acute toxicity to a wide variety of animals, leading to a wide range of sublethal biochemical effects, damage to specific target organs and tissues, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, reproductive damage, and adverse ecological impacts. Its biological fate is complex, mediated largely by diverse metabolic mechanisms. Further research and monitoring are needed in a number of areas. For instance, it is important to develop a better understanding of the mechanism of Diazinon's highly lethal effects on birds. Use restrictions at golf courses and sod farms are a welcome step, but there are still widespread avian exposures from orchards and lawns. Continued Diazinon use at current rates also poses a clear threat to aquatic ecosystems and to important species such as salmon and bluegill sunfish. Although the research presented here does not indicate threats to humans from the pesticide, Wright (1990) suggests that people may be at substantial risk in unregulated settings. Further research is also needed to resolve the matter of the potential carcinogenicity of Diazinon. As with all pesticides, Diazinon use can result in the so-called pesticide treadmill wherein pesticide use necessitates further use as insects develop resistance and natural predators are eliminated (Gliessman 1998). It is critical that all pesticides be used with great care to minimize this consequence to avoid a repeat the occurrence in 1965 in the Culiac谩n Valley of Mexico. There, excessive pesticide use resulted in cotton pests that were resistant to all available insecticides, forcing growers to entirely abandon production (Wright 1990). However, used carefully, Diazinon represents a powerful agricultural tool available to assist in the continued production of foodstuffs for a rapidly growing world population.