Coelenterazine
(Synonyms: 腔肠素) 目录号 : GC17680
A bioluminescent luciferin
Cas No.:55779-48-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
RAW 264.7 cells |
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Preparation Method |
5 × 104 cRAW 264.7 cells were added to wells of a 96-well black plate in triplicate, cell counts were performed, and native coelenterazine was added to the sample (final coelenterazine concentration 0-100 μmol/l). Plates were imaged using an IVIS low-light imaging system |
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Reaction Conditions |
final coelenterazine concentration 0-100 μmol/l，60min |
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Applications |
RAW 264.7 chemiluminescent signal intensity positively correlates with coelenterazine concentration in culture. The production of chemiluminescence by RAW 264.7 cells in the absence of stimulation is consistent with the detection of superoxide anion production during oxidative phosphorylation. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
10-26 weeks thirty-six mice (16 females, 20 males) |
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Preparation Method |
450 nl of virus (three sites) were injected into the cerebral cortex of mice, followed by coelenterazine injections at 28-day intervals (minimum = 26 days, maximum time = 74 days). Coelenterazine (dissolved in DMSO) and diluted to a concentration of 2.43 mM in sterile water (1 mg/ml) for cortical injection through a 34-gauge needle for imaging and electrophysiological recordings. |
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Dosage form |
0.2µl, 0.4µl and 1µl，the injection rate was 1.25 μL/min |
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Applications |
Coelenterazine strongly boosted activity in LMO3-expressing mice, photon production was proportional to emission rate, and maximal doses of coelenterazine moderately increased neural activity in naive mice and GLuc cohorts, which itself can be produced at high concentrations Nonspecific excitatory effects. |
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References: [1]. Bronsart L, Nguyen L, Habtezion A, Contag C. Reactive Oxygen Species Imaging in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mol Imaging Biol. 2016 Aug;18(4):473-8. [2]. Gomez-Ramirez M, More AI,et al. The BioLuminescent-OptoGenetic in vivo response to coelenterazine is proportional, sensitive, and specific in neocortex. J Neurosci Res. 2020 Mar;98(3):471-480. |
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Coelenterazine is a substrate of various luciferases such as Renilla luciferase (Rluc) and Gaussia luciferase (Gluc), and is also a cofactor of aequorin. It is widely used and can be used for detection Calcium concentration in living cells, gene reporter assays, BRET (Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer) studies, ELISA, HTS, and chemiluminescence detection of ROS levels in tissues or cells[1].
In vitro, coelenterazine enabled the dynamic monitoring of the RAW 264.7 cell oxidative burst [2].Coelenterazine chemiluminescence did not depend on the activity of cell-derived myeloperoxidase.It is a very sensitive and specific superoxide anion chemiluminescent probe[3]. Coelenterazine is a more reliable probe, although susceptible to storage-dependent high background chemiluminescence, but does not require prereductio[4].
In vivo, there were early, preclinical, changes in the localization and magnitude of coelenterazine chemiluminescent foci[2]. Commercially available coelenterazine（soluble in DMSO） is a sensitive substrate for in vivo bioluminescence imaging of coelenterazine luciferase[5].
References:
[1]Jiang T, Du L, Li M. Lighting up bioluminescence with coelenterazine: strategies and applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2016 Apr;15(4):466-80.
[2] Bronsart L, Nguyen L, et al. Reactive Oxygen Species Imaging in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mol Imaging Biol. 2016 Aug;18(4):473-8.
[3]Teranishi K. Non-invasive and accurate readout of superoxide anion in biological systems by near-infrared light. Anal Chim Acta. 2021 Sep 22;1179:338827.
[4] Kervinen M, P?tsi J, Finel M, Hassinen IE. Lucigenin and coelenterazine as superoxide probes in mitochondrial and bacterial membranes. Anal Biochem. 2004 Jan 1;324(1):45-51.?
[5]Lucas M, Solano F. Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe: its usefulness in the assay of respiratory burst in neutrophils. Anal Biochem. 1992 Nov 1;206(2):273-7.
Coelenterazine 是多种荧光素酶的底物，例如 Renilla 荧光素酶 (Rluc) 和 Gaussia 荧光素酶 (Gluc)，也是水母发光蛋白的辅助因子。用途广泛，可用于检测活细胞中的钙离子浓度、基因报告基因检测、BRET（生物发光共振能量转移）研究、ELISA、HTS，以及组织或细胞中ROS水平的化学发光检测[1]< /sup>.
在体外，腔肠素能够动态监测RAW 264.7细胞的氧化爆发[2]。腔肠素化学发光不依赖于细胞来源的髓过氧化物酶的活性。它是一种非常灵敏和特异的超氧阴离子化学发光探针[3].腔肠素是一种更可靠的探针，虽然对存储依赖性高背景化学发光敏感，但不需要预还原[4]。
在体内，腔肠素化学发光灶的定位和大小在早期、临床前发生了变化[2]。市售腔肠素（溶于DMSO）是腔肠素荧光素酶体内生物发光成像的敏感底物[5]。
| Cas No. | 55779-48-1 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 腔肠素 | ||
| 化学名 | 8-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC1=CC=C(CC(C2=O)=NC3=C(NC(C4=CC=C(O)C=C4)=CN32)CC5=CC=CC=C5)C=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C26H21N3O3 | 分子量 | 423.46 |
| 溶解度 | Ethanol : 2 mg/mL (4.72 mM; Need ultrasonic; DMSO can inactivate Coelenterazine's activity) | 储存条件 | -20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen,unstable in solution, ready to use. |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.3615 mL | 11.8075 mL | 23.615 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4723 mL | 2.3615 mL | 4.723 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2361 mL | 1.1807 mL | 2.3615 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Coelenterazine-dependent luciferases
Bioluminescence is a widespread natural phenomenon. Luminous organisms are found among bacteria, fungi, protozoa, coelenterates, worms, molluscs, insects, and fish. Studies on bioluminescent systems of various organisms have revealed an interesting feature - the mechanisms underlying visible light emission are considerably different in representatives of different taxa despite the same final result of this biochemical process. Among the several substrates of bioluminescent reactions identified in marine luminous organisms, the most commonly used are imidazopyrazinone derivatives such as coelenterazine and Cypridina luciferin. Although the substrate used is the same, bioluminescent proteins that catalyze light emitting reactions in taxonomically remote luminous organisms do not show similarity either in amino acid sequences or in spatial structures. In this review, we consider luciferases of various luminous organisms that use coelenterazine or Cypridina luciferin as a substrate, as well as modifications of these proteins that improve their physicochemical and bioluminescent properties and therefore their applicability in bioluminescence imaging in vivo.
Coelenterazine sulfotransferase from Renilla muelleri
The luciferin sulfokinase (coelenterazine sulfotransferase) of Renilla was previously reported to activate the storage form, luciferyl sulfate (coelenterazine sulfate) to luciferin (coelenterazine), the substrate for the luciferase bioluminescence reaction. The gene coding for the coelenterazine sulfotransferase has not been identified. Here we used a combined proteomic/transcriptomic approach to identify and clone the sulfotransferase cDNA. Multiple isoforms of coelenterazine sulfotransferase were identified from the anthozoan Renilla muelleri by intersecting its transcriptome with the LC-MS/MS derived peptide sequences of coelenterazine sulfotransferase purified from Renilla. Two of the isoforms were expressed in E. coli, purified, and partially characterized. The encoded enzymes display sulfotransferase activity that is comparable to that of the native sulfotransferase isolated from Renilla reniformis that was reported in 1970. The bioluminescent assay for sensitive detection of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP) using the recombinant sulfotransferase is demonstrated.
Coelenterazine-Dependent Luciferases as a Powerful Analytical Tool for Research and Biomedical Applications
: The functioning of bioluminescent systems in most of the known marine organisms is based on the oxidation reaction of the same substrate-coelenterazine (CTZ), catalyzed by luciferase. Despite the diversity in structures and the functioning mechanisms, these enzymes can be united into a common group called CTZ-dependent luciferases. Among these, there are two sharply different types of the system organization-Ca2+-regulated photoproteins and luciferases themselves that function in accordance with the classical enzyme-substrate kinetics. Along with deep and comprehensive fundamental research on these systems, approaches and methods of their practical use as highly sensitive reporters in analytics have been developed. The research aiming at the creation of artificial luciferases and synthetic CTZ analogues with new unique properties has led to the development of new experimental analytical methods based on them. The commercial availability of many ready-to-use assay systems based on CTZ-dependent luciferases is also important when choosing them by first-time-users. The development of analytical methods based on these bioluminescent systems is currently booming. The bioluminescent systems under consideration were successfully applied in various biological research areas, which confirms them to be a powerful analytical tool. In this review, we consider the main directions, results, and achievements in research involving these luciferases.
C-Series Coelenterazine-Driven Bioluminescence Signature Imaging
The present study introduces a unique BL signature imaging system with novel CTZ analogues named "C-series." Nine kinds of C-series CTZ analogues were first synthesized, and BL intensity patterns and spectra were then examined according to the marine luciferases. The results show that the four CTZ analogues named C3, C4, C6, and C7, individually or collectively luminesce with completely distinctive BL spectral signatures and intensity patterns according to the luciferases: Renilla luciferase (RLuc), NanoLuc, and artificial luciferase (ALuc). The signatural reporters were multiplexed into a multi-reporter system comprising RLuc8.6-535SG and ALuc16. The usefulness of the signatural reporters was further determined with a multi-probe system that consists of two single-chain probes embedding RLuc8 and ALuc23. This study is a great addition to the study of conventional bioassays with a unique methodology, and for the specification of each signal in a single- or multi-reporter system using unique BL signatures and patterns of reporter luciferases.
Synthetic Coelenterazine Derivatives and Their Application for Bioluminescence Imaging
Bioluminescence (BL), the emission light resulting from the enzyme-catalyzed oxidative reaction, is a powerful imaging modality for monitoring biological phenomena both in vitro and in vivo. Coelenterazine (CTZ), the known widespread luciferin found in bioluminescent organisms, develops bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Here, we describe an approach to synthesize a series of novel CTZ derivatives for diversifying the toolbox of the BL substrates. Furthermore, we exemplify some of them display excellent BL signals in vitro and in vivo, and thus should be noted as one of the ideal substrates for in vivo BLI compared with a well-known conventional substrate, DeepBlueC.