Carboxin (Carboxine)
(Synonyms: 萎锈灵; Carboxine; Fenoxan) 目录号 : GC32331
Carboxin (Carbathiin, Vitavax, Kisvax) is a systemic agricultural fungicide and seed protectant. Carboxin inhibits succinate dehydrogenaseactivity .
Cas No.:5234-68-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Carboxin (Carbathiin, Vitavax, Kisvax) is a systemic agricultural fungicide and seed protectant. Carboxin inhibits succinate dehydrogenaseactivity .
| Cas No. | 5234-68-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 萎锈灵; Carboxine; Fenoxan | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(C1=C(C)OCCS1)NC2=CC=CC=C2 | ||
| 分子式 | C12H13NO2S | 分子量 | 235.3 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: ≥ 100 mg/mL (424.99 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.2499 mL | 21.2495 mL | 42.4989 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.85 mL | 4.2499 mL | 8.4998 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.425 mL | 2.1249 mL | 4.2499 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Carboxin can induce cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022 Mar 15;233:113318.PMID:35182799DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113318.
Carboxin is a heterocyclic systemic fungicide, mainly used to prevent and control grain smut and wheat rust. Although its mammalian toxicity has been reported, its toxicity to acute exposure to aquatic animals is unknown. In our study, we used zebrafish as aquatic organisms to study Carboxin toxicity. Carboxin can cause developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. Histopathological staining of cardiac sections reveals structural changes in zebrafish hearts, and fluorescence quantitative PCR results shows the heart developmental genes mRNA expression levels were disrupted significantly. Besides, Carboxin can also cause oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in zebrafish embryos. The accumulation of ROS causes mitochondrial damage, which is where ATP energy is produced. So ATPase activities and gene expression level were measured and significantly decreased after exposure to Carboxin. From the confocal images, the number of blood cells in the heart were decreased significantly after Carboxin exposure. Besides, Carboxin exposure can inhibit myocardial cell proliferation. These are all causes to the heart failure, eventually leading to embryos death.
Carboxin and its major metabolites residues in peanuts: Levels, dietary intake and chronic intake risk assessment
Food Chem 2019 Mar 1;275:169-175.PMID:30724184DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.087.
We developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectral method to determine the fungicide Carboxin and its metabolites, oxycarboxin and Carboxin sulfoxide in peanut samples. The method was used to detect the concentration of the analytes in the samples from fields and markets. The total residue quantities in peanut kernels were used to evaluate the chronic dietary risk of total Carboxin upon peanut consumption. The estimated dietary intake of Carboxin from peanuts whose seeds had been treated with Carboxin at the recommended dose was between 0.020% and 0.344% of acceptable daily intake and the risk was found to be negligible. The chronic dietary risk assessment from markets and commercial field samples for various groups of humans indicated that the group with the greatest degree of exposure was 45 to 75-year-old women who lived in rural areas. However, their acceptable daily intake percentage was 0.006%, meaning that their health risk was extremely small.
Carboxin resistance in Paracoccus denitrificans conferred by a mutation in the membrane-anchor domain of succinate:quinone reductase
Arch Microbiol 1998 Jul;170(1):27-37.PMID:9639600DOI:10.1007/s002030050611.
Succinate:quinone reductase is a membrane-bound enzyme of the citric acid cycle and the respiratory chain. Carboxin is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme of certain organisms. The bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans was found to be sensitive to Carboxin in vivo, and mutants that grow in the presence of 3'-methyl Carboxin were isolated. Membranes of the mutants showed resistant succinate:quinone reductase activity. The mutation conferring Carboxin resistance was identified in four mutants. They contained the same missense mutation in the sdhD gene, which encodes one of two membrane-intrinsic polypeptides of the succinate:quinone reductase complex. The mutation causes an Asp to Gly replacement at position 89 in the SdhD polypeptide. P. denitrificans strains that overproduced wild-type or mutant enzymes were constructed. Enzymic properties of the purified enzymes were analyzed. The apparent Km for quinone (DPB) and the sensitivity to thenoyltrifluoroacetone was normal for the carboxin-resistant enzyme, but the succinate:quinone reductase activity was lower than for the wild-type enzyme. Mutations conferring Carboxin resistance indicate the region on the enzyme where the inhibitor binds. A previously reported His to Leu replacement close to the [3Fe-4S] cluster in the iron-sulfur protein of Ustilago maydis succinate:quinone reductase confers resistance to Carboxin and thenoyltrifluoroacetone. The Asp to Gly replacement in the P. denitrificans SdhD polypeptide, identified in this study to confer resistance to Carboxin but not to thenoyltrifluoroacetone, is in a predicted cytoplasmic loop connecting two transmembrane segments. It is likely that this loop is located in the neighborhood of the [3Fe-4S] cluster.
The carboxin-binding site on Paracoccus denitrificans succinate:quinone reductase identified by mutations
J Bioenerg Biomembr 2001 Apr;33(2):99-105.PMID:11456223DOI:10.1023/a:1010744330092.
Succinate:quinone reductase catalyzes electron transfer from succinate to quinone in aerobic respiration. Carboxin is a specific inhibitor of this enzyme from several different organisms. We have isolated mutant strains of the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans that are resistant to Carboxin due to mutations in the succinate:quinone reductase. The mutations identify two amino acid residues, His228 in SdhB and Asp89 in SdhD, that most likely constitute part of a carboxin-binding site. This site is in the same region of the enzyme as the proposed active site for ubiquinone reduction. From the combined mutant data and structural information derived from Escherichia coli and Wolinella succinogenes quinol:fumarate reductase, we suggest that Carboxin acts by blocking binding of ubiquinone to the active site. The block would be either by direct exclusion of ubiquinone from the active site or by occlusion of a pore that leads to the active site.
Carboxin and Diuron Adsorption Mechanism on Sunflower Husks Biochar and Goethite in the Single/Mixed Pesticide Solutions
Materials (Basel) 2021 May 16;14(10):2584.PMID:34065659DOI:10.3390/ma14102584.
The study focused on the adsorption mechanism of two selected pesticides: Carboxin and diuron, on goethite and biochar, which were treated as potential compounds of mixed adsorbent. The authors also prepared a simple mixture of goethite and biochar and performed adsorption measurements on this material. The adsorbents were characterized by several methods, inter alia, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Boehm titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption study included kinetics and equilibrium measurements, in the solution containing one or two pesticides simultaneously. The adsorption data were fitted to selected theoretical models (e.g., Langmuir, Freudlich, Redlich-Peterson, pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations). Based on the obtained results, it was stated that, among all tested adsorbents, biochar had the highest adsorption capacity relative to both Carboxin and diuron. It equaled 0.64 and 0.52 mg/g, respectively. Experimental data were best fitted to the pseudo second-order and Redlich-Peterson models. In the mixed systems, the adsorption levels observed on biochar, goethite and their mixture were higher for diuron and lower for Carboxin, compared to those noted in the single solutions. The presented results may enable the development of new mixed adsorbent for remediation of soils polluted with pesticides.